Lesson9Worksheet - Erasmo Abella

Name: Erasmo Abella Lesson 09 Worksheet – upload to the L09 Dropbox by the due date on the calendar. List A: ● Orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) ● Bonobo ( Pan paniscus ) ● Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) ● Gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla ) ● Gibbon ( Hylobates lar ) ● Siamang ( Symphalangus syndactylus ) List B: ● Ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) ● Slow loris ( Nycticebus pygmaeus ) ● Rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) ● Proboscis monkey ( Nasalis larvatus ) ● Olive baboon ( Papio anubis ) ● Colobus monkey ( Colobus guereza ) ● Pygmy tarsier ( Tarsius pumilus ) Question Set: Answer the following short answer questions. Read the instructions carefully and be sure to answer each question thoroughly. Tip: Use the Lesson material (Lesson 9, page 1) for ideas about the pros/cons of group living. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. [12 points] Pick a primate from List A and answer the following questions – each with at least 2 sentences. Include at least one reference for this question set (a-c). a. [5 pts] What is the social group that your primate belongs to? How does it work? Describe the structure, interactions, and roles of males/females/infants in the social group. The first primate that I choose is the Orangutan. Orangutans belong in the solitary social group. This means that most of the adult males live alone, while the adult females live with their children. Both the male and female would come together occasionally to mate and reproduce. b. [3 pts] What are the benefits of living in this type of social group. Describe at least two benefits. One of the benefits of living in this type of social group is that there is less pressure to provide food for oneself. Primates who live this way do not have to worry about acquiring food for the whole group, and it's also easier to get food because Orangutans eat leaves and fruits, which can be easily found anywhere in their habitat. Another benefit of this type of social group is that there is less risk of social conflict because they are able to make decisions on their own without having to conform with others. They have more autonomy on themselves. c. [3 pts] What are the costs (negatives) of living in this type of social group? Describe at least two costs. One of the negative effects of living in this type of social group is that they are more vulnerable to threats from predators. Without the help of other primates, they are completely on their own whenever they face the threat of other predators. Another negative effect of being in a solitary social group is that males in this type of group could have a hard time to find mates because females are hard to find especially when they are living alone.

Reference(s): [1 pt] Behavioral Sciences Department: Primate Behavior: A Survey of Non-Human Primate Behavior Pattern [Internet]. 2012. San Marcos (CA): Palomar College. Available from: https://www.palomar.edu/anthro/behavior/behave_2.htm Lesson 9: Why do Primates live in groups? C2023. State College (PA): ANTH 022, Penn State University --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. [12 points] Pick a primate from List B and answer the following questions – each with at least 2 sentences. Include at least one reference for this question set (a-c). a. [5 pts] What is the social group that your primate belongs to? How does it work? Describe the structure, interactions, and roles of males/females/infants in the social group. I am choosing the Colobus monkey for my second primate. The social group that Colobus monkeys belong to are in one male/multi-female groups. In this type of group, there is one male in the group, and most of the members of the group are female. The females are more dominant than the men, and the men often mates with the different females within the group. b. [3 pts] What are the benefits of living in this type of social group. Describe at least two benefits. One of the benefits of this type of social group would be that the adult males often protect the females and their young in times of danger. When a predator would disturb the environment of that social group, the males would fight them off. Another benefit that this type of social group would have is that competition within the males is reduced. This means that most of the times, the males would not experience the difficulty of finding a mate, since he belongs in a social group where there are more females than males, and mating opportunities are a lot. c. [3 pts] What are the costs (negatives) of living in this type of social group? Describe at least two costs. One possible cost of this type of social group would be inbreeding. Indeed, the male in this group would have a lot of options to choose from for mating. However, as time goes on, the genetic diversity of this social group would not be big enough, and it could lead to this group being genetically the same, which could lead to diseases, and possibly death. Another possible cost of this group would be that the females in this group would have limited choices on who to mate with. This could lead to the competition between the females of that group, and it would lead to disorder and stress within the group.