Understanding ABO Blood Types and Punnett Squares in ANTH 130

Assignment #1 Introduction to Biological Anthropology ANTH 130-01, Spring 2016 30 points You and your group will complete the following. Only one copy of this needs to be submitted online for the group to the appropriate location (in the “Assignments” folder). Part 1: ABO Blood System For this first part, be sure you have read pages 75-77 in your textbook (including the appropriate figure(s)) regarding the ABO blood system. (8 points) 1. You have been testing blood samples to determine blood type and have found that sample one clumps with anti-A serum, but you haven’t tested it against any other serum. a. What is/are the possible blood type(s) for this sample? -Blood type B or O b. What antigen(s) is/are present? - B antigen c. What are the possible genotypes? - BO, BB, OO 2. If a baby has blood type AB and the mother has blood type A, what genotypes could the father be? BO, BB, or AB 3. Should a person with blood type A accept an offer of a blood transfusion from someone with blood type O? Why or why not? Yes, because O is the universal donor and has no antigens to react with.

4. A child has type O blood and the mother has type A blood. There are several possible fathers. Man #1 has blood type AB. Man #2 has blood type B. Man #3 has blood type O. Answer the following questions. a. What is the genotype of the child? -OO b. What is the genotype of the mother? -AO c. Which man/men may be the father of the child? Why? -Man 2 because he may have BO genotype and man 3 because he has the OO genotype Part 2: Single Trait Punnett Squares (8 points) 1. The straight thumb trait (T) is dominant over the hitchhiker’s thumb trait (t). Complete the following to show the possible genotypes of the offspring of the following cross/mating. Note: Put the parent’s genotypes in the indicated locations. The grey boxes represent the gametes. Remember, the pairs of alleles split during gamete formation, so only one letter per box. The remaining four squares represent the possible offspring combinations. a. Tt x tt Parent 1 Genotype: _Tt___ Parent 2 Genotype: ___tt___ T t t Tt tt t Tt tt b. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?

50% straight thumbs and 50% hitchhiker thumbs. 2. Having a Darwin’s tubercle (extra projection on the ear) is dominant (D) over not having this tubercle (d). Complete the following cross/mating to show the possible genotypes of the offspring. a. Dd x Dd Parent 1 Genotype: Dd_____ Parent 2 Genotype: __Dd____ D d D DD Dd d Dd dd b. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? 75% Darwin tubercle and 25% not having Darwin tubercle. Part 3: Multiple Trait Punnett Squares (14 points) Based on what you did in part 2 and what we covered in class, complete the following. You may also want to refer to page 68 of the textbook. Remember the laws of segregation and independent assortment! In other words, split the pairs of alleles and put only one allele from each pair into each “gamete” on the Punnett Square. 1. Straight thumb (T) is dominant to hitchhiker’s thumb (t) and Darwin’s tubercle (D) is dominant to not having the tubercle (d). Complete the following crosses/matings. a. TTDD x Ttdd Parent 1 Genotype: __TTDD_______

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Parent 2 Genotype: ____Ttdd_____ TD TD Td TTDd TTDd td TtDd TtDd b. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? 50% straight thumbs with Darwin tubercle and 50% hitcher thumbs with Darwin tubercle. c. TTDd x ttDD Parent 1 Genotype: _______TTDd__ Parent 2 Genotype: ____ttDD_____ TD Td tD TtDD TtDd tD TtDD TtDd b. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? 100% straight thumbs with Darwin tubercle. 2. Clockwise hair whorls (H) is dominant to counterclockwise hair whorls (h). Freckles (F) are dominant to no freckles (f). Complete the following cross/mating. a. An individual who is homozygous dominant for hair whorls and heterozygous for freckles mates with an individual who is heterozygous for hair whorls and homozygous dominant for freckles. Parent 1 Genotype: _____HHFf____ HF Hf

Parent 2 Genotype: ____HhFF_ HF HHFF HHFf hF HhFF HhFf b. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? 100% of the offspring will have clockwise whorls and freckles.

Assignment 1

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