Evolutionary Histories and Life History Traits: Key Insights

Question 1 (1 point) Questions 1-5 use the phylogeny shown above, where the black rectangle indicates “evolutionary gain of fins” and the black cross means “evolutionary loss of fins”. In phylogenies A-F, what does the red dotted branch indicate? The root Question 2 (1 point) Which of the evolutionary histories A-F is NOT compatible with contemporary observations? (your answer is just the letter) E Question 3 (1 point) Which of the evolutionary histories A-F woud make fins a homology between orca and fishes? (your answer is just the letter) A

Question 4 (1 point) Which of the evolutionary histories A-F is the most parsimonious? (your answer is just the letter) D Question 5 (1 point) According to the most parsimonious evolutionary history, what terms (one or more than one) apply to the similarity of fins between fishes and orca? b) homoplasy d) evolutionary reversal Question 6 (1 point) Question 6-9 use this reconstructed evolutionary tree of theropods diverging from Ornithischian dinosaurs. In what sense can we say that birds are dinosaurs? e. Both c and d.

Question 7 (1 point) Allosaurids and Tyrannosauroids (the family of T. rex ) look very much alike. This shows that T. rex is more closely related to Allosaurus than to birds. False Question 8 (1 point) In the evolutionary history of birds, starting from the common ancestor of all dinosaurs, T. rex represents a transitional form Question 9 (1 point) What is NOT a transitional form between Tyrannosauroids and birds? Compsognathids Question 10 (3 points) Fill in blanks, using words from the words bank given as a hint (listed in alphabetical order). Not all words need to be used, and words are used at most once. Make sure your spelling is consistent with the word bank. How long an individual lives, when s/he reproduces, how many babies they have, how big the babies are examples of ___1___. Such traits can ___2__ among individuals of the same species in the same population. In the guppy experiment, populations naturally exposed to different levels of __3__ show significant differences in __4__. David Reznick and his team hypothesized that these differences were __5__ and constrained by a __6__ between __7__ and offspring number. To test their hypothesis, they moved guppies from __8___ sites to __9__ sites (where there were no guppies before). They predicted that the mean offspring size should __10__ and the mean offspring number should __11__. After __12__ they found that the mean offspring size was significantly __13__ , and the mean

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

offspring number was significantly __14__, thus __15__ their prediction. These results demonstrate __16__ in a __17__. 1. life history traits 2. vary 3. predation 4. mean offspring size and number 5. adaptive 6. trade-off 7. offspring size 8. high-predation 9. low-predation 10. increase 11. decrease 12. eleven generations 13. larger 14. smaller 15. supporting 16. rapid evolution 17. natural system Question 11 (1 point) When bacteria in the soil are exposed to warmer temperature, each cell responds quickly by producing more extracellular enzymes that degrade dead plant litter more rapidly. This response to environmental change (warmer temperature) is an example of acclimation Question 12 (1 point)

In questions 12-14 we use the graphs above showing data on the inheritance of body height. From all the data reported in graph B, how much is heritability of height (approximately)? about 0.5 Question 13 (1 point) Look at graph B and imagine we only had the data for the five couples and their children for which the dot is circled. How much is the heritability of height in the sub-population that these five families form? close to 0 Question 14 (1 point) Imagine the data were gathered from families who lived in times of severe diet restriction which reduced the growth of children significantly (such as during World War 2 in Europe). If all the data in B showed what the data would have been in normal times, what would the data coming from families with dietary-limited children look like? How much would be the heritability of height then? Data would look like A, showing that heritability is close to 0 under such environmental conditions.

Weekly Lecture Assignment 3

Related Documents