Cemetary Demography Lab - Aditya Sudharshan & Hunter Prince & Caleb Tsai

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Collin County Community College District *

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1401

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Anthropology

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Feb 20, 2024

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1. Compare the survivorship curves for the Pre-1900 and Post-1900 cohorts. Compare and contrast the curve shapes to the example curves on the first page of this activity. The survivorship curve for the Pre-1900 and Post-1900 cohorts are different as the Post-1900 shows the same trend as a Type III curve, which is when there is a high survivorship through the ages and eventually tapers off when the age nears 80. The Pre-1900 cohort is different from the Post-1900 survivorship as it shows a Type I curve, where there is a high survivorship at the start and rapidly decreases. They are similar as they both have a negative trendline, with both decreasing at approximately the same rate. 2. Provide some possible biological/historical/societal causes for any differences you see in the two survivorship curves. For example, was there a major disease at the time? War? Change in attitudes towards family sizes? In the early 1900s, the mortality rate started to drop while the birth rate maintained stability. As the years progressed, family values regarding conception changed as married couples began to reduce their number of children. During this time, events like WWI and WWII concluded with the loss of many American lives. Following WWII a baby boom occurred which exploded the American population. Before 1900, there were events like westward expansion and the Louisiana purchase that heavily impacted the American population. People were moving and settling where they could start and maintain families. The survivorship curve for Pre- 1900 still shows a much lower life expectancy because despite these events, technology and medicine was much less advanced.

3. How would the survivorship curves of a developing country compare to those of a developed country? The survivorship curves of a developing country would be a Type I curve, as they would have a high birth rate and low survivorship as they get older. The curves of a developed country would be similar to a Type III curve as a developed country would have a high survivorship throughout 0-75 but would taper off when it got to ages of 75 and higher. 4. How could survivorship curves be used to make judgments about environmental and health conditions in a country? Survivorship curves could be used to make judgements about environmental and health conditions in a country as if there is a high survivorship curve, there must be hospitals in place to ensure that the baby survives and the environment that the baby lives in also has to be clean as you cannot make the baby drink muddy water as it would not survive. These requirements lead to the conclusion that the survivorship curves can be used to make judgements about the environmental and health conditions in a country as if there is a low survivorship in babies, it shows that the country is not developed as it does not have the required infrastructure to help the baby live. 5. Humans are generally classified as having a Type I survivorship curve... a. Name an organism (other than humans) that could be considered as possessing a Type I curve. An example of an organism with a Type I survivorship curve is elephants. Elephants, particularly in the wild, have relatively high survival rates through their early and middle life stages, and their mortality rate significantly increases as they age. b. What sort of species (K- or r-selected) would most likely have a Type I survivorship curve? Why? Species with Type I survivorship curves are typically K-selected species. K-selected species tend to have fewer offspring with higher parental investment in each offspring. This strategy favors the survival and long-term well-being of individual offspring. Pandas , for instance, invest significant care in their young, and they typically have long lifespans. Type I curves are characteristic of species that prioritize quality over quantity in reproduction, aiming for the survival and success of their offspring. 6. Using your population pyramid for the post-1900 cohort, what pattern of growth does your population pyramid suggest for the future? What evidence did you use in your prediction? (remember, this is a small sample of the population, so it might not be the best representative picture!) When we examine the population pyramid provided, it paints a picture of relatively stable or slowly growing population patterns for the future, with some intriguing nuances. The pyramid offers a well-distributed representation of age groups, signaling a balanced population with no extreme skew toward either the very young or the elderly, indicative of rapid growth or decline,

respectively. The broad base of the pyramid is a promising sign, as it suggests a substantial number of individuals in their reproductive years, hinting at the potential for ongoing population growth. However, we can't ignore the decline in the number of individuals in the oldest age groups, pointing to reduced birth rates and increased life expectancy. This aging trend could lead to slower population growth over time. It's important to note that this pyramid represents only a small segment of the population and might not wholly represent the wider demographic landscape. To make more exact predictions about future population trends, a more comprehensive dataset/analysis would be necessary https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/ 1_y7n5edwfo7poTeVt_dJjPR0MOiJx2tILZJHglCQwow/edit#gid=481509551

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Cemetary Demography Lab - Aditya Sudharshan & Hunter Prince & Caleb Tsai

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