Understanding Early Hominins: Pelvis and Dentition Comparisons

Name:___________________________ Student Number:__________________________ Assignment #4: The Early Hominins 20 points Use osteological and dental terminology found in your lecture notes and in the textbook to answer the following questions. Question 1: Observe the shape of the Au. afarensis pelvis and the modern H. sapiens pelvis and answer the following questions. a) Describe two similarities between the shape of the Au. afarensis and H. sapiens pelves. (2 points) b) Describe two differences between the shape of the Au. afarensis and H. sapiens pelves. (2 points) c) What do these similarities/differences mean in terms of locomotion for Au. afarensis ? (1 point) e.g. modern H. sapiens pelvis (female) e.g. Au. afarensis pelvis “Lucy” (female) Upload your submission to Canvas as a PDF Gabby Ranu 98271157 Ar . afavensis and H Sapiens both have wide and short sacrums - this helps position with the sacroiliac joint so that byaligning the joints them is less stress openric (for bipedalism) They both have curved pelves - the iliac crests are arrud towards front of body which helps with bipedal washing The H Sapiens peles have larger hip joints and large pelvic onless as they are more adapted to bipedalism and large shoulder children during birth . The ar afarmbis his joints and pehic size are smaller than the Sapiens . Many of the fraits are defining evidence of the evolution of bipedalism - the more curved shapes The differences just show the fully bipedal sapiens and the beginnings of bipedalism in ar afavensis curak scerre scroisi. i artburn I ~ ichirm pubis C

Question 2: Observe the Australopithecus dentition and compare it to the chimpanzee and human dentition to answer the following questions. a) Using dental terminology, describe how the Australopithecus dentition is ape-like. (2 points) b) Using dental terminology, describe how the Australopithecus dentition is human-like. (2 points) Pan troglodytes Australopithecus Homo sapiens Question 3: Observe the shape of the metatarsals (food bones) and hand phalanges in the images below and answer the following questions. a) How is the Au. afarensis phalanx ape-like? (1 point) The austropolitenes dentition is a perline dre to its parallel molars Chaving a resumped arcadel and its diast ma /between pre-canines) the australopitheus dentition is human-like because of its thicker enamel and its smaller canines that had less sharp edges and rather rounded crowns for crushing curved phalanges for arboreal and branchiation The are afavesisphalax is a perline because of the pans

b) How is the Au. afarensis metatarsal human-like? (1 point) c) What do these similarities/differences tell you about hand and foot adaptation in Au. afarensis ?(1 point) Question 4: Observe the Au. africanus and P. robustus diagram below and answer the following questions. a) Describe the major differences between the shape of the Au. africanus and P. robustus skulls and dentition. (7 points) b) What is the likely reason for these differences? (1 point) The ar afavensis metatarsal is human-like because of their short length ; it's evident of bipedalism with not needing longer to es like apes for quadrapedialism . ↑ ~more guespins de to free hands Ar Afarensis was still between walking on four limbs and two - the aperline phalanges show the arboreal nature of the species , showing they still grasped (like from spending time in the fees) and the short meta-farsils show the furthe reliance on bipedalism becoming the new adaptation . C Ar . Africans : had small premolars and molars , rounded cranium , no diastrn , larger incisors and canines P Robustrs : large premolars and molars , had a sagittal crest , broader cheekbones , robust zygomatic arch and maniable , smaller incisors and canines A ent 4a) Ar Africanus : rounder cranium , large incisors and canines , small premolars and molars , no diastina , larger snout P . Robustrs : has a sagittal crest , small incisors and canines , large molars and premolars , broader checkbones , robust zygomatic and mandible , flatter face A 4b) The most likely reason for these differences is that the two species have since derived as are afavensis was dividing either into the paranthropus and the homo-they begin deriving based on their individual survival needs

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Assignment 4 - The Early Hominins

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