
(a)
Interpretation:
How can we tell that the given solution is saturated needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
As the excess undissolved solute settle at the bottom of the container, hence, we can say that the given solution is saturated.
Explanation of Solution
Given, solid
As it given that, excess undissolved solute settle at the bottom of the container, hence, we can conclude that the given solution is saturated.
(b)
Interpretation:
Is the solution at equilibrium needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
Yes, the given solution is at equilibrium
Explanation of Solution
A reaction is in equilibrium when the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate. The given solution is a saturated solution as excess
From this it can be concluded that the solution is at equilibrium between the dissolved and solid states as further addition of the solute with settle down as precipitate.
(c)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the reversible change that is taking place needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
The chemical equation for the reversible change that is taking place is,
Explanation of Solution
Given, solid
Therefore, the chemical equation for the reversible change that is taking place is,
(d)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium-constant equation for the equilibrium needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
The equilibrium-constant equation for the equilibrium is,
Explanation of Solution
Given, solid
Therefore, the chemical equation for the reversible change that is taking place is,
And, the equilibrium-constant equation for the equilibrium is
(e)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium concentration of each ion needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
The equilibrium concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Given, solid
Therefore, the chemical equation for the reversible change that is taking place is,
For this reaction,
(f)
Interpretation:
On dissolving lead (II) sulfate shows an endothermic change. What will happen to the value of
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
On heating, the equilibrium of the reaction will shift to make more products. The value or the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Given that, on dissolving lead (II) sulfate shows an endothermic change and the equilibrium of the reaction will shift to make more products.
So the concentration of
(g)
Interpretation:
What would happen if more sulfate ions is added to the solution needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mathematical relationship between the products and reactants in an equilibrium is given as,

Answer to Problem 8RE
If more sulfate ions is added to the solution,
Explanation of Solution
Given,
On adding
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