Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9.4, Problem 1CSC
Body, Heal Thyself
Ligaments and tendons have a limited capacity for self-repair. They tend to have a meager blood supply and contain only a small number of specialized cells that produce proteins, such as collagen and elastic, that provide flexibility and strength. In Bartolo Colón’s case, the hope was that the stem cells injected into his shoulder and elbow would progress rapidly through the cell cycle, producing large populations of specialized daughter cells that would regenerate his ligaments and tendons. How would mitotic cell division ensure that the daughter cells contained accurate copies of all of Colón’s chromosomes, including the genes that specify all of the proteins needed to repair his arm?
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Put the following types of stem cells in order from MOST useful in regenerative medicine to LEAST useful.
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adult--multipotent--pluripotent--totipotent
totipotent--pluripotent--multipotent--adult
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During cell division cycle, cells need to monitor the process of DNA replication and segregation of
replicated DNA so that these processes are error-free. Some potential errors that could occur include
incomplete DNA replication, DNA damage in genome, and uneven separation of replicated genome.
These mechanisms that cells used to monitor these processes are referred as the "cell cycle checkpoint,
which can control specific Cdk activity to regulate the progression of cell cycle. For the following
checkpoint mechanisms, indicate which Cdk activity is attenuated? Also indicate one of the key proteins
or protein complexes involved in the following checkpoints.
a) DNA damage checkpoint during S-phase
b) Mitotic checkpoint during M-phase
The mitotic spindle is often described as a microtubule based cellular machine. The microtubules that constitute the mitotic spindle can be classified into three distinct types. What are the three types of spindle microtubules, and what is the function of each?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 9.1 - describe the types of cells found in a...Ch. 9.1 - describe the functions of cell division in...Ch. 9.2 - describe the prokaryotic cell cycle and the major...Ch. 9.3 - describe the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome?Ch. 9.3 - describe the functions of telomeres and...Ch. 9.4 - Body, Heal Thyself Ligaments and tendons have a...Ch. 9.4 - describe the events of the eukaryotic cell cycle?Ch. 9.4 - explain the difference between mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - Body, Heal Thyself The precision of mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - describe the steps of mitotic cell division?
Ch. 9.5 - What would the consequences be if one set of...Ch. 9.5 - describe the usual outcome of mitotic cell...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 9.6 - Body, Heal Thyself Bartolo Colns physicians wanted...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1CTCh. 9.6 - describe the interactions among growth factors,...Ch. 9.6 - Yesterday, when Daniel was showering after a...Ch. 9.6 - The saliva of dogs, like the saliva of most...Ch. 9.6 - What would happen if a cell suffered a mutation...Ch. 9.6 - explain how a cell protects against producing...Ch. 9 - Most nerve cells in the adult human central...Ch. 9 - The genetic material of all living organisms is...Ch. 9 - A cell that remains capable of dividing throughout...Ch. 9 - Diagram and describe the eukaryotic cell cycle....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2ACCh. 9 - Prokaryotic cells divide by a process called...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2MCCh. 9 - Prob. 2RQCh. 9 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 9 - Prob. 3MCCh. 9 - Prob. 3RQCh. 9 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 9 - How does prokaryotic fission differ from...Ch. 9 - Define the following terms: centromere, telomere,...Ch. 9 - The four phases of mitosis are _________,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5MCCh. 9 - Prob. 5RQCh. 9 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 9 - Prob. 6RQCh. 9 - Prob. 7RQ
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- By what molecular pathway does loss of cell cycle regulation in an organism lead to cancer? What genetic changes can cooperate to accomplish the cancer cell’s escape from the normal balance of cell growth?arrow_forward3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forward1. (a) Describe the generalized model of the cell cycle. Demonstrate how cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases can regulate the cell cycle. (b). Describe three ways in which cells lose their ability to regulate their growth to become cancerous.arrow_forward
- In the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?arrow_forwardCan you draw 4th cell division of the adult stem cells. 1st and 2nd are symmetrically. 3rd and 4th are asymmetrically. What kind of cell is the product at the 4th division? Explain your reasoningarrow_forwardName: Period: Date: Cell Cycle Cell growth and division occurin a regular cycle. This cycle is divided into fourphases: G1, S, G2, and M. The diagram shows this cycle, along with events that occur in each phase. Follow the prompts below. v Color the phase in which most cell growth occurs BLUE v Color the phase in which DNA replication occurs RED. v Color the phase in which preparation for mitosis occurs in YELLOW. v Color the phase in which mitosis and cytokinesis G2 occur in GREEN. P 1. Which three phases make up interphase? GI M 2. Which of the following best describes cancer? Circle the correct answer. uncontrolled cell growth cells stop growing 3. If a dog has 72 chromosomes in a SOMATIC cell, how many chromosomes will its daughter cells have after meiosis_? mitosis_?arrow_forward
- These types of proteins are responsible for all the following events during cell division: movement of "chromosomes" to poles, sliding of non-kinetochore microtubules pushing the two ends of the cell apart, and also the production of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. They are called _ _ (two words)arrow_forwardCell division and apoptosis a) The cell cycle is divided into different phases (named M, G0, G1, S and G2). Can you explain what happens during the different parts of the cycle and how to control it? b) What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis? c) What are caspases and what is their function in the cell?arrow_forwardMatch the following terms with the correct description Go phase A. During this phase, the cell divides into two identical cells. G, phase B. During this phase, the cell grows In size and synthesizes MRNA Gz phase C. This phase directly precedes mitosis. s phase D. This phase can be percelved as a moment in time in which the cell is nelther dividing nor preparing to divide. M phase E. DNA Is replicated during this phase.arrow_forward
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