(a)
Interpretation:
The ligands have to be classified as pi-acid or pi-base on the basis of the definition.
Concept Introduction:
Pi-acid or Pi- acceptor:
Ligands having empty orbitals, which can interact with metal d-orbitals for the formation of
Pi-base or Pi-donor:
In coordination chemistry a pi-donor ligand is a kind of ligand that is capable with filled non-bonding orbital that overlap with metal-base orbitals. If the ligand molecule has pi electrons in d-orbitals they are referred as pi-donor.
Example: F anion will donate this density to the metal atom.
(b)
Interpretation:
The ligands have to be arranged in the order of increasing splitting energy.
Concept Introduction:
Spectrochemical series:
Spectrochemical series is a list of ligands in the order of ligand strength and a list of metal ion based on oxidation number. In crystal field theory, ligands modify the difference in energy between the d orbitals
Series of ligands from weak field to strong field is,

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Chapter 9 Solutions
ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM
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