Chapter 9, Problem 9.82QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement is whether true or false has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Formal charge on an atom refers to the difference between number of valence electrons of each atom and the total number of electrons present in that atom.

It is calculated by an equation,

${\text{formal charge = e}}_{\text{v}}{\text{-e}}_{\text{n}}\text{-}\frac{{\text{e}}_{\text{b}}}{\text{2}}$

Where,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{e}}_{\text{v}}\text{= no}\text{.of valence electrons}\\ {\text{e}}_{\text{b}}\text{= no}\text{.of bonding electrons}\\ {\text{e}}_{\text{n}}\text{= no}\text{.of unshared}\text{electrons}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement is whether true or false has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Change in enthalpy in a reaction and bond energy (BE) are related as,

$\Delta H_{rxn}^{°}=\text{Σ BE (reactants) - Σ BE (products)}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement is whether true or false has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule is rule of thumb which refers that atoms combine in such a way that their respective valence shells gets filled with eight electrons to attain more stability.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement is whether true or false has to be ascertained.

Concept Introduction:

Resonance

Resonance is the phenomenon of delocalization of electrons of pi bond (either pi bonding or non-bonding or both) in a molecule such the molecule cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure as the delocalization of electrons gives rise to more than one structure to a same molecule.

Resonance structures

The various structures for a molecule that are formed by delocalization of electrons are termed as resonance structures.