Chapter 9, Problem 9.22EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Combination reaction in which both the reactants are elements has to be classified as redox, non-redox reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Redox reactions:

It is a type of reaction in which both oxidation and reduction happens simultaneously.  One get oxidized and one get reduced.

Example:

  ${\text{Zn(s)+2H}}^{\text{+}}\text{(aq)}\to {\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{(g)}$

    Oxidation of Zinc increased by two and Hydrogen reduced by one;  $\text{Zn}$ is oxidized and hydrogen is reduced here.

Non Redox reactions:

In the reaction in which the oxidation state of both reactants and products remains the same.  No reduction and oxidation occurs in this reaction.

Example:

    $\text{NaOH+HCl}\underset{}{\to }{\text{NaCl+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{}$

    Oxidation state of each element remains the same.

Combination Reactions:

It is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product

It is also known as synthesis reactions.

Example:

  ${\text{2Na(s)+Cl}}_{\text{2}}\text{(g)}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{2NaCl(s)}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Combination reaction in which the products are all elements has to be classified as redox or non-redox reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Redox reactions:

It is a type of reaction in which both oxidation and reduction happens simultaneously.  One gets oxidized and one gets reduced.

Example:

  ${\text{Zn(s)+2H}}^{\text{+}}\text{(aq)}\to {\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{(g)}$

    Oxidation of Zinc increased by two and Hydrogen reduced by one;  $\text{Zn}$ is oxidized and hydrogen is reduced here.

Non Redox reactions:

In the reaction in which the oxidation state of both reactants and products remains the same.  No reduction and oxidation occurs in this reaction.

Example:

    $\text{NaOH+HCl}\underset{}{\to }{\text{NaCl+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{}$

    Oxidation state of each element remains the same.

Combination Reactions:

It is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product

It is also known as synthesis reactions.

Example:

  ${\text{2Na(s)+Cl}}_{\text{2}}\text{(g)}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{2NaCl(s)}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A decomposition reaction in which all reactants and products are compounds has to be classified as redox or non-redox reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Redox reactions:

It is a type of reaction in which both oxidation and reduction happens simultaneously.  One gets oxidized and one gets reduced.

Example:

  ${\text{Zn(s)+2H}}^{\text{+}}\text{(aq)}\to {\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{(g)}$

    Oxidation of Zinc increased by two and Hydrogen reduced by one;  $\text{Zn}$ is oxidized and hydrogen is reduced here.

Non Redox reactions:

In the reaction in which the oxidation state of both reactants and products remains the same.  No reduction and oxidation occurs in this reaction.

Example:

    $\text{NaOH+HCl}\underset{}{\to }{\text{NaCl+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{}$

    Oxidation state of each element remains the same.

Decomposition Reactions:

It is a type of chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down to give two or more products.  This reaction is opposite to Synthesis reaction.

Example:

  ${\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CaO+CO}}_{\text{2}}$

Calcium carbonate is decomposed to give Calcium carbonate and Carbon dioxide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In Combustion reaction ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ and H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ are the products has to be classified as redox or non-redox reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Combustion Reaction:

It is a type of reaction in which oxygen is one of the reactant.  It will involve the evolution of heat and light.  A hydrocarbon mainly undergoes combustion reaction.  In case of hydrocarbons carbon dioxide and water will be the product.

Example:

  ${\text{2C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_2{\text{+5O}}_{\text{2}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{4CO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$