For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings must increase; that is Δ S total = Δ S system = Δ S surr > 0 for a spontaneous process Furthermore, the entropy change in the surroundings, Δ S surr is related to the enthalpy change for the process by the equation Δ S surr = Δ H / T . (a) Since both Δ G and Δ S total offer criteria for spontaneity, they must be related. Derive a relationship between them. (b) What is the value of Δ S surr for the photosynthesis of glucose from CO 2 at 298 K? 6 C O 2 ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( l ) → C 6 H 12 O 6 ( s ) + 6 O 2 ( g ) Δ G ° = 287 9 kJ Δ S ° = − 262 J/k
For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings must increase; that is Δ S total = Δ S system = Δ S surr > 0 for a spontaneous process Furthermore, the entropy change in the surroundings, Δ S surr is related to the enthalpy change for the process by the equation Δ S surr = Δ H / T . (a) Since both Δ G and Δ S total offer criteria for spontaneity, they must be related. Derive a relationship between them. (b) What is the value of Δ S surr for the photosynthesis of glucose from CO 2 at 298 K? 6 C O 2 ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( l ) → C 6 H 12 O 6 ( s ) + 6 O 2 ( g ) Δ G ° = 287 9 kJ Δ S ° = − 262 J/k
For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings must increase; that is
Δ
S
total
=
Δ
S
system
=
Δ
S
surr
>
0
for a spontaneous process Furthermore, the entropy change in the surroundings,
Δ
S
surr
is related to the enthalpy change for the process by the equation
Δ
S
surr
=
Δ
H
/
T
.
(a) Since both
Δ
G
and
Δ
S
total
offer criteria for spontaneity, they must be related. Derive a relationship between them. (b) What is the value of
Δ
S
surr
for the photosynthesis of glucose from CO2 at 298 K?
6
C
O
2
(
g
)
+
6
H
2
O
(
l
)
→
C
6
H
12
O
6
(
s
)
+
6
O
2
(
g
)
Δ
G
°
=
287
9 kJ
Δ
S
°
=
−
262
J/k
1. Calculate the accurate monoisotopic mass (using all 1H, 12C, 14N, 160 and 35CI) for your product using the table in
your lab manual. Don't include the Cl, since you should only have [M+H]*. Compare this to the value you see on
the LC-MS printout. How much different are they?
2. There are four isotopic peaks for the [M+H]* ion at m/z 240, 241, 242 and 243. For one point of extra credit,
explain what each of these is and why they are present.
3. There is a fragment ion at m/z 184. For one point of extra credit, identify this fragment and confirm by
calculating the accurate monoisotopic mass.
4. The UV spectrum is also at the bottom of your printout. For one point of extra credit, look up the UV spectrum
of bupropion on Google Images and compare to your spectrum. Do they match? Cite your source.
5. For most of you, there will be a second chromatographic peak whose m/z is 74 (to a round number). For one
point of extra credit, see if you can identify this molecule as well and confirm by…
Please draw, not just describe!
can you draw each step on a piece of a paper please this is very confusing to me
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