(a) Interpretation: The value of ΔH ° for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined, HgS ( s ) + O 2 ( g ) → Hg ( l ) + SO 2 ( g ) Concept introduction: The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS , ΔH and ΔG with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS With the help of this equation one can predict the change in ΔS , ΔH and ΔG . For any reaction the ΔH and ΔS can be calculated with the help of following equations. ΔrS°= Σ ΔrS°product - ∑ ΔrS°reactant ΔrH°= Σ ΔrH°product - ∑ ΔrH°reactant
(a) Interpretation: The value of ΔH ° for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined, HgS ( s ) + O 2 ( g ) → Hg ( l ) + SO 2 ( g ) Concept introduction: The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS , ΔH and ΔG with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS With the help of this equation one can predict the change in ΔS , ΔH and ΔG . For any reaction the ΔH and ΔS can be calculated with the help of following equations. ΔrS°= Σ ΔrS°product - ∑ ΔrS°reactant ΔrH°= Σ ΔrH°product - ∑ ΔrH°reactant
Solution Summary: The author explains the Gibb's equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between S, and with Temperature. The standard heat of formation for reactant and product can be used
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Chapter 9, Problem 9.142SP
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
The value of ΔH° for the formation of metallic mercury by heating the mineral cinnabar (HgS) needs to be determined,
HgS(s)+ O2(g)→Hg(l) + SO2(g)
Concept introduction:
The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS, ΔH and ΔG with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
With the help of this equation one can predict the change in ΔS, ΔH and ΔG. For any reaction the ΔH and ΔS can be calculated with the help of following equations.
The reaction needs to be classified as spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 25°C if ΔS° for the formation of metallic mercury is +36.7 J/K and ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol.
HgS(s)+ O2(g)→Hg(l) + SO2(g)
Concept introduction:
The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS, ΔH and ΔG with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
With the help of this equation, one can predict the change in ΔS, ΔH and ΔG. For any reaction the ΔH and ΔS can be calculated with the help of following relation:
The condition at which the reaction will be non-spontaneous for the formation of metallic mercury if ΔS° +36.7 J/K, ΔrG° = -249.5 kJ/mol and ΔrH°= -238.6kJ/mol needs to be determined.
HgS(s)+ O2(g)→Hg(l) + SO2(g)
Concept introduction:
The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS, ΔH and ΔG with Temperature. The mathematical expression of Gibb’s equation can be written as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
With the help of this equation one can predict the change in ΔS, ΔH and ΔG. For any reaction the ΔH and ΔS can be calculated with the help of following relation:
Predict the major organic product(s) of the following reactions. Indicate which of the following mechanisms is in operation: SN1, SN2, E1, or E2.
(c)
(4pts)
Mechanism:
heat
(E1)
CH3OH
+
1.5pts each
_E1 _ (1pt)
Br
CH3OH
(d)
(4pts)
Mechanism:
SN1
(1pt)
(e)
(3pts)
1111 I
H
10
Ill!!
H
LDA
THF (solvent)
Mechanism: E2
(1pt)
NC
(f)
Bri!!!!!
CH3
NaCN
(3pts)
acetone
Mechanism: SN2
(1pt)
(SN1)
-OCH3
OCH3
1.5pts each
2pts for either product
1pt if incorrect
stereochemistry
H
Br
(g)
“,、
(3pts)
H
CH3OH
+21
Mechanism:
SN2
(1pt)
H
CH3
2pts
1pt if incorrect
stereochemistry
H
2pts
1pt if incorrect
stereochemistry
A mixture of butyl acrylate and 4'-chloropropiophenone has been taken for proton NMR analysis. Based on this proton NMR, determine the relative percentage of each compound in the mixture
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