A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes. Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

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1. Calculate the accurate monoisotopic mass (using all 1H, 12C, 14N, 160 and 35CI) for your product using the table in your lab manual. Don't include the Cl, since you should only have [M+H]*. Compare this to the value you see on the LC-MS printout. How much different are they? 2. There are four isotopic peaks for the [M+H]* ion at m/z 240, 241, 242 and 243. For one point of extra credit, explain what each of these is and why they are present. 3. There is a fragment ion at m/z 184. For one point of extra credit, identify this fragment and confirm by calculating the accurate monoisotopic mass. 4. The UV spectrum is also at the bottom of your printout. For one point of extra credit, look up the UV spectrum of bupropion on Google Images and compare to your spectrum. Do they match? Cite your source. 5. For most of you, there will be a second chromatographic peak whose m/z is 74 (to a round number). For one point of extra credit, see if you can identify this molecule as well and confirm by…

Please draw, not just describe!

can you draw each step on a piece of a paper please this is very confusing to me

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 17

Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2PTS Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 9.2 - (+)-Citronella is the main compound responsible...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 8CC

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