The strongest one between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces has to be identified and the same has to be justified. Concept introduction: Every atom strives to attain lowest possible energy in their shells. This is the driving force of atoms to combine with other atoms in so called “ chemical reactions ”. At the lowest possible energy levels, atoms and molecules attain utmost stability. Reaching the lowest energy is not only the essential criterion for the molecules of matter to be stable. There are many other factors that have role in determining the stability of a substance. “Intermolecular forces” and “Intramolecular forces” are two such factors that have significant impact on the stability of matter. In simple words, Intermolecular forces are termed as the forces acting “between molecules” that is components of a substance. Intramolecular forces are the forces that operate “within a molecule”. The prefix “inter” mean “among” and “intra” mean “within”. Atoms do combine to form a molecule. Within a molecule, the atoms are held together by intramolecular forces. Many molecules are formed by such instance. Matter is composed of many such innumerable molecules which are held together by intermolecular forces. There are many types of intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces which can be summarized as follows – Figure 1 Figure 2 Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weaker than intramolecular forces and have three types - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest one among all the intermolecular forces.
The strongest one between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces has to be identified and the same has to be justified. Concept introduction: Every atom strives to attain lowest possible energy in their shells. This is the driving force of atoms to combine with other atoms in so called “ chemical reactions ”. At the lowest possible energy levels, atoms and molecules attain utmost stability. Reaching the lowest energy is not only the essential criterion for the molecules of matter to be stable. There are many other factors that have role in determining the stability of a substance. “Intermolecular forces” and “Intramolecular forces” are two such factors that have significant impact on the stability of matter. In simple words, Intermolecular forces are termed as the forces acting “between molecules” that is components of a substance. Intramolecular forces are the forces that operate “within a molecule”. The prefix “inter” mean “among” and “intra” mean “within”. Atoms do combine to form a molecule. Within a molecule, the atoms are held together by intramolecular forces. Many molecules are formed by such instance. Matter is composed of many such innumerable molecules which are held together by intermolecular forces. There are many types of intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces which can be summarized as follows – Figure 1 Figure 2 Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weaker than intramolecular forces and have three types - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest one among all the intermolecular forces.
Solution Summary: The author explains that intermolecular forces are weaker and stronger than atoms and molecules.
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Chapter 9, Problem 10ALQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The strongest one between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces has to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept introduction:
Every atom strives to attain lowest possible energy in their shells. This is the driving force of atoms to combine with other atoms in so called “chemical reactions”. At the lowest possible energy levels, atoms and molecules attain utmost stability.
Reaching the lowest energy is not only the essential criterion for the molecules of matter to be stable. There are many other factors that have role in determining the stability of a substance. “Intermolecular forces” and “Intramolecular forces” are two such factors that have significant impact on the stability of matter.
In simple words, Intermolecular forces are termed as the forces acting “between molecules” that is components of a substance. Intramolecular forces are the forces that operate “within a molecule”. The prefix “inter” mean “among” and “intra” mean “within”.
Atoms do combine to form a molecule. Within a molecule, the atoms are held together by intramolecular forces. Many molecules are formed by such instance. Matter is composed of many such innumerable molecules which are held together by intermolecular forces. There are many types of intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces which can be summarized as follows –
Figure 1
Figure 2
Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weaker than intramolecular forces and have three types - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest one among all the intermolecular forces.
An expression for the root mean square velocity, vrms, of a gas was derived. Using Maxwell’s velocity distribution, one can also calculate the mean velocity and the most probable velocity (mp) of a collection of molecules. The equations used for these two quantities are vmean=(8RT/πM)1/2 and vmp=(2RT/M)1/2 These values have a fixed relationship to each other.(a) Arrange these three quantities in order of increasing magnitude.(b) Show that the relative magnitudes are independent of the molar mass of the gas.(c) Use the smallest velocity as a reference for establishing the order of magnitude and determine the relationship between the larger and smaller values.
The reaction of solid dimethylhydrazine, (CH3)2N2H2, and liquefied dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, has been investigated for use as rocket fuel. The reaction produces the gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and water vapor (H2O), which are ejected in the exhaust gases. In a controlled experiment, solid dimethylhydrazine was reacted with excess dinitrogen tetroxide, and the gases were collected in a closed balloon until a pressure of 2.50 atm and a temperature of 400.0 K were reached.(a) What are the partial pressures of CO2, N2, and H2O?(b) When the CO2 is removed by chemical reaction, what are the partial pressures of the remaining gases?
One liter of chlorine gas at 1 atm and 298 K reacts completely with 1.00 L of nitrogen gas and 2.00 L of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure. A single gaseous product is formed, which fills a 2.00 L flask at 1.00 atm and 298 K. Use this information to determine the following characteristics of the product:(a) its empirical formula;(b) its molecular formula;(c) the most favorable Lewis formula based on formal charge arguments (the central atom is N);(d) the shape of the molecule.
Chapter 9 Solutions
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