a) Interpretation: The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br 2 is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given. Concept introduction: The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans- product. To give: The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br 2 is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Question

Draw the Lewis structures of two methanol (CH3OH) molecules and depict hydrogenbonding between them with dashed lines. Show all lone pairs. Provide a thorough analysis to apply concept idea into other problems.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

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Draw the Lewis structures of two methanol (CH3OH) molecules and depict hydrogenbonding between them with dashed lines. Show all lone pairs. Provide a thorough analysis to apply concept idea into other problems.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

Answer 6

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Answer 7

Chapter 8.SE, Problem 26MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product formed with its stereochemistry, when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br₂ is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Br₂ is added to 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry, in the reaction shown, is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond, one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to styrene (vinyl benzene).

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product obtained with its stereochemistry in the reaction shown is to be given. The mechanism of its formation also is to be given.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of halogens to alkenes occurs with anti stereochemistry, that is, the two halogen atoms come from opposite faces of the double bond- one from top face and other from bottom face. In the first step, the addition of halogen to the double bond in the alkenes results in the formation of a cyclic halonium ion with the simultaneous elimination of a halide ion. The large halonium ion shields one side of the molecule. Hence the attack of the halide ion occurs from the opposite, unshielded side to yield a trans-product.

To give:

The product expected, along with its stereochemistry, when Cl₂ is added to 2-butene.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 8.1 - How many alkene products, including E,Z isomers,...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 8.2 - Addition of HCl to 1, 2-dimethylcyclohexene yields...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 8.4 - From what alkenes might the following alcohols...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 8.5 - What alkenes might be used to prepare the...

Solution Summary: The author explains the product formed with its stereochemistry when 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene reacts with Br2 and the mechanism of its formation.

Chapter 8 Solutions