Chapter 8.4, Problem 32PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To find if succinic acid oxidized or reduced: Succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid in the citric acid cycle by the following reaction:

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\text{+ 2H}$

Concept Introduction: If a compound accepts hydrogen atoms then the compound undergoes reduction reaction. But if the compound loses hydrogen atoms then the compound undergoes oxidation reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To find if FAD oxidized or reduced: The reaction is accompanied by the reaction of a coenzyme, flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD).

  $\text{FAD + 2H}\to {\text{FADH}}_{\text{2}}$

Concept Introduction: If a compound accepts hydrogen atoms then the compound undergoes reduction reaction. But if the compound loses hydrogen atoms then the compound undergoes oxidation reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid in the citric acid cycle by the following reaction:

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\text{+ 2H}$

The reaction is accompanied by the reaction of a coenzyme, flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD).

  $\text{FAD + 2H}\to {\text{FADH}}_{\text{2}}$

To find the reason two reactions occur together.

Concept Introduction: If a compound accepts hydrogen atoms then the compound undergoes reduction reaction. But if the compound loses hydrogen atoms then the compound undergoes oxidation reaction.