Chapter 8.12, Problem 1PPC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Expanded octet formation by some of the elements is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

The concept of octet rule is valid for second period elements. Beyond the second period, the elements can have more than eight electrons around it.

Lewis structure is used to represent the bonding between the atoms and electrons in lone pairs that exist in the molecule.

In Lewis dot symbol, for each element, dots are mentioned around the symbol of an atom.

In Lewis dot symbol, valence electrons are represented by dots.

Dots are placed above and below as well as to the left and right of symbol.

Number of dots is important in Lewis dot symbol but not the order in which the dots are placed around the symbol.

In writing symbol pairing is not done until absolutely necessary.

For metals, the number of dots represents the number of electrons that are lost when the atom forms a cation.

For second period nonmetals, the number of unpaired dots is the number of bonds the atom can form.

Atomic ions can also be represented by dot symbols, by simply adding (for anions) and subtracting (for cations) the appropriate number of dots from Lewis dot symbol.