Chapter 8, Problem 26QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The terms“lone pair,”“Lewis structure,”“octet rule,”and“bond length”are to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Octet rule: Every element in the main group should have eight electrons in its valence shell in order for it to attainthenoble gas configuration.

Valence electrons are those electrons that occupy the last shell of an element.

The pair of electrons that are not in bond pairs are called a lone pair of electrons.

Lewis dot symbols contain dots, which give information about valence electrons.

Lewis structures show bonds as lines and lone pairs as dots.

In Lewis dot symbol, for each element, dots are mentioned around the symbol of an atom.

In Lewis dot symbol, valence electrons are represented by dots.

Dots are placed above and below as well as to the left and right of symbol.

Number of dots is important in Lewis dot symbol but not the order in which the dots are placed around the symbol.

In writing symbol pairing is not done until absolutely necessary.

For metals, the number of dots represents the number of electrons that are lost when the atom forms a cation.

For second period nonmetals, the number of unpaired dots is the number of bonds the atom can form.

Atomic ions can also be represented by dot symbols, by simply adding (for anions) and subtracting (for cations) the appropriate number of dots from Lewis dot symbol.

Bond length is the sum of the covalent or Van der Waals radii of two atoms.