Chapter 8, Problem 9A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The solubility of lead (II) chloride according to the solubility rules needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: Solubility can be defined as the amount of compound in the solvent. It is represented as g/mL or g/L of the solvent.

There are certain solubility rules purposed to explain the solubility of compounds in water as solvent. A less soluble compound tends to form precipitate at the bottom during dissolution.

Answer to Problem 9A

Lead (II) chloride is insoluble salt.

Explanation of Solution

According to the solubility rule; Salts containing ${\text{Cl }}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{ -}}{\text{, or I}}^{\text{ -}}$ ; halide ions are soluble with exceptions as ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\text{, and }{\left({\text{Hg}}_{\text{2}}\right)}^{\text{2+}}$ . Thus PbCl₂ or lead (II) chloride is insoluble in water as it contains ${\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ ions and ${\text{Cl }}^{\text{-}}$ ions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The solubility of barium sulfate needs to be explained according to the solubility rules.

Concept Introduction: Solubility can be defined as the amount of compound in the solvent. It is represented as g/mL or g/L of the solvent.

There are certain solubility rules purposed to explain the solubility of compounds in water as solvent. A less soluble compound tends to form precipitate at the bottom during dissolution.

Answer to Problem 9A

Barium sulphate is insoluble salt.

Explanation of Solution

According to the solubility rule; almost all sulphates are soluble in water with exceptions as ${\text{ CaSO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{, BaSO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{, PbSO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{, Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{ and SrSO}}_{\text{4}}$ . Thus, ${\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}$ or barium sulphate is insoluble in water as it contains ${\text{Ba}}^{\text{2+}}$ and ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-2}}$ ions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The solubility of iron (II) sulfide needs to be explained according to the solubility rules.

Concept Introduction: Solubility can be defined as the amount of compound in the solvent. It is represented as g/mL or g/L of the solvent.

There are certain solubility rules purposed to explain the solubility of compounds in water as solvent. A less soluble compound tends to form precipitate at the bottom during dissolution.

Answer to Problem 9A

Iron (II) sulfide is insoluble salt.

Explanation of Solution

According to the solubility rule; most of the sulfide of transition metals are insoluble in water.

Here the given sulfide is iron (II) sulfide. Iron is a transition metal as it is placed in the 3d-series of the d-block element. Thus iron (II) sulfide is insoluble in water.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The solubility of Aluminium hydroxide needs to be explained according to the solubility rules.

Concept Introduction: Solubility can be defined as the amount of compound in the solvent. It is represented as g/mL or g/L of the solvent.

There are certain solubility rules purposed to explain the solubility of compounds in water as solvent. A less soluble compound tends to form precipitate at the bottom during dissolution.

Answer to Problem 9A

Aluminium hydroxide is insoluble salt.

Explanation of Solution

According to the solubility rule; hydroxide salts are slightly soluble and there are many hydroxides which are insoluble in water. The hydroxide of alkali metals are soluble in water whereas hydroxides of alkaline earth metal are slightly soluble in water.

On the contrary, hydroxides of transition metals and aluminium are insoluble in water. Thus Aluminium hydroxide is insoluble in water.