Chapter 8, Problem 48A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons lost by sodium on the reaction with any nonmetal should be determined

Concept Introduction:

Metal has tendency to loss their electrons and attain the noble gas configuration whereas nonmetals has tendency to gain those electrons.

Answer to Problem 48A

Sodium metal loses one electron to the nonmetal in the chemical reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Sodium is group IA element which is known as alkali metal and has atomic number 11. So, the sodium metal has 11 electrons in its electronic configuration. The nearest noble gas element is Neon which has 10 electrons in its electronic configuration.

Sodium has only one extra electron to attain the noble gas configuration. Therefore, in the chemical reaction, sodium loses one electron to the non-metal.

The chemical reaction is shown below:

  $\text{Na}\to {\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{e}}^{\text{-}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons lost by potassium on the reaction with any nonmetal should be determined

Concept Introduction:

Metal has tendency to loss their electrons and attain the noble gas configuration whereas nonmetals has tendency to gain those electrons.

Answer to Problem 48A

Potassium loses one electron to the nonmetal in the chemical reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Potassium is group IA element which is known as alkali metal and has atomic number 19. So, the potassium metal has 19 electrons in its electronic configuration. The nearest noble gas element is Argon which has 18 electrons in its electronic configuration.

Potassium has only one extra electron to attain the noble gas configuration. Therefore, in the chemical reaction potassium loses one electron to the non-metal.

The chemical reaction is shown below:

  $\text{K}\to {\text{K}}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{e}}^{\text{-}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons lost by magnesium on the reaction with any nonmetal should be determined

Concept Introduction:

Metal has tendency to lose their electrons and attain the noble gas configuration, whereas nonmetals has tendency to gain those electrons.

Answer to Problem 48A

Magnesium loses two electrons to the nonmetal in the chemical reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Magnesium is group IIA element which is known as alkaline earth metal and has atomic number 12. So, the magnesium metal has 12 electrons in its electronic configuration. The nearest noble gas element is Neon which has 10 electrons in its electronic configuration.

Magnesium has two extra electrons to attain the noble gas configuration. Therefore, in the chemical reaction, magnesium loses two electrons to the non-metal.

The chemical reaction is shown below:

  $\text{Mg}\to {\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}\text{+}{\text{2e}}^{\text{-}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons lost by barium in the reaction with any nonmetal should be determined

Concept Introduction:

Metal has tendency to loss their electrons and attain the noble gas configuration, whereas nonmetals has tendency to gain those electrons.

Answer to Problem 48A

Barium loses two electrons to the nonmetal in the chemical reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Barium is group IIA element which is known as alkaline earth metal and has atomic number 56. So, the barium metal has 56 electrons in its electronic configuration. The nearest noble gas element is Xenon which has 54 electrons in its electronic configuration.

Barium has two extra electrons to attain the noble gas configuration. Therefore, in the chemical reaction, barium loses two electrons to the non-metal.

The chemical reaction is shown below:

  $\text{Ba}\to {\text{Ba}}^{\text{2+}}\text{+}{\text{2e}}^{\text{-}}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons lost aluminium in the reaction with any nonmetal should be determined

Concept Introduction:

Metal has tendency to loss their electrons and attain the noble gas configuration whereas nonmetals has tendency to gain those electrons.

Answer to Problem 48A

Aluminum loses three electrons to the nonmetal in the chemical reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Aluminum is group 13 element and has atomic number 13. So, the aluminum has 13 electrons in its electronic configuration. The nearest noble gas element is neon which has 10 electrons in its electronic configuration.

Aluminum has three extra electrons to attain the noble gas configuration. Therefore, in the chemical reaction, aluminum loses three electrons to the non-metal.

The chemical reaction is shown below:

  $\text{Al}\to {\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}\text{+}{\text{3e}}^{\text{-}}$