Chapter 8, Problem 8.55E

Tell what will happen to each equilibrium concentration in the following when the indicated stress is applied and a new equilibrium position is established.

a. ${\text{H}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{HCO}}_3{}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)\rightleftarrows {\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)+{\text{CO}}_2\left(\text{g}\right)$;

${\text{HCO}}_3{}^{-}$is added.

b. ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftarrows {\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)+\text{heat}$;

${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$is removed.

c. ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftarrows {\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)+\text{heat}$;

The system is cooled.