The increase in the chemical potential of water relative to that of ice at -2.25°C using the given standard entropy data needs to be calculated Concept Introduction: Chemical potential (µ) is a thermodynamic parameter which refers the Gibbs free energy (G) or the chemical energy per mole (N) of the substance μ = G N -----(1) For N = 1 mole Δμ = ΔG For a closed system the change in Gibbs free energy is dependent on factors such pressure (P), temperature (T), volume (V) and entropy (S). The change is the free energy is represented ΔG = Δ (VP) − Δ ( ST) ------(2) At constant pressure, Δ P=0 Δ μ = ΔG = − Δ SΔT ------(3) Here, ΔS = change in entropy ΔT = difference between the melting or boiling point of water and the actual temperature

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.40NP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The increase in the chemical potential of water relative to that of ice at -2.25°C using the given standard entropy data needs to be calculated

Concept Introduction:

Chemical potential (µ) is a thermodynamic parameter which refers the Gibbs free energy (G) or the chemical energy per mole (N) of the substance

μ = GN -----(1)For N = 1 moleΔμ = ΔG

For a closed system the change in Gibbs free energy is dependent on factors such pressure (P), temperature (T), volume (V) and entropy (S). The change is the free energy is represented

ΔG = Δ(VP)−Δ(ST) ------(2)At constant pressure, ΔP=0Δμ = ΔG =−ΔSΔT ------(3)

Here,

ΔS = change in entropy

ΔT = difference between the melting or boiling point of water and the actual temperature

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The increase in the chemical potential of water relative to that of steam at 102.25°C using the given standard entropy data needs to be calculated

Concept Introduction:

Chemical potential (µ) is a thermodynamic parameter which refers the Gibbs free energy (G) or the chemical energy per mole (N) of the substance

μ = GN -----(1)For N = 1 moleΔμ = ΔG

For a closed system the change in Gibbs free energy is dependent on factors such pressure (P), temperature (T), volume (V) and entropy (S). The change is the free energy is represented

ΔG = Δ(VP)−Δ(ST) ------(2)At constant pressure, ΔP=0Δμ = ΔG =−ΔSΔT ------(3)

Here,

ΔS = change in entropy

ΔT = difference between the melting or boiling point of water and the actual temperature

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