To explain why (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH(Br) CH 2 CH 3 reacts faster than (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH(Br) CH 3 in an E2 reaction. Concept introduction: The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed. The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

Question

What is the [OH⁻] of a 1.80 M solution of pyridine (C₅H₅N, Kb = 1.70 × 10⁻⁹)?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why (CH₃)₂CHCH(Br) CH₂CH₃ reacts faster than (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH(Br) CH₃ in an E2 reaction.

Concept introduction:

The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.

The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

Answer 8

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Answer 19

Ch. 8 - Label the and carbons in each alkyl halide. Draw...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.2 Classify each alkene in the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8 - Problem 8.5 Label each pair of alkenes as...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6P Ch. 8 - Problem 8.7 Several factors can affect alkene...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the second-order kinetics of an E2 reaction, which is bimolecular and the alkyl halide and base appear in the rate equation.

Chapter 8 Solutions