
(a)
Interpretation:
To draw the structure of two different
Concept introduction:
The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.
The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.
(b)
Interpretation:
To draw the structure of two different alkyl halides to yield the alkene.
Concept introduction:
The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.
The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.
(c)
Interpretation:
To draw the structure of two different alkyl halides to yield the alkene.
Concept introduction:
The most common mechanism for dehydrohalogenation is the E2 mechanism. An E2 reaction exhibits a second-order kinetics, in which the reaction is bimolecular and both the alkyl halide and the base appear in the rate equation. The most straightforward explanation for the second-order kinetics is a concerted reaction: all bonds are broken and formed in a single step. In other words simultaneously all bonds are broken and formed.
The transition state of an E2 reaction consists of four atoms from the alkyl halide-one hydrogen atom, two carbon atoms, and the leaving group (X)-all aligned in the same plane. There are two ways for the C-H and C-x bonds to be coplanar. When the H and X atoms oriented on the same side of the molecule. This geometry is called syn periplanar. While the H and X atoms oriented on opposite sides of the molecule. This geometry is called anti periplanar. The dihedral angle for the C-H and C-X bonds equals 0° for the syn periplanar arrangement and 180° for the anti periplanar arrangement.

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Chapter 8 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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