Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 7RQ
Define formal charge and explain how to calculate it. What is the purpose of the formal charge? Organic compounds are composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen but also may have oxygen, nitrogen, and/or halogens in the formula. Formal charge arguments work very well for organic compounds when drawing the best Lewis structure. How do C, H, N, O, and Cl satisfy the octet rule in organic compounds so as to have a formula charge of zero?
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Decide whether these proposed Lewis structures are reasonable.
proposed Lewis structure
a=ö]
[[:N_N=N]]
Yes.
Is the proposed Lewis structure reasonable?
No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons.
The correct number is:
No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the
octet rule.
The symbols of the problem atoms are:
Yes.
No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons.
The correct number is:
No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the
octet rule.
The symbols of the problem atoms are:* ☐
Yes.
No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons.
The correct number is:
No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the
octet rule.
The symbols of the problem atoms are:*
*If two or more atoms of the same element don't satisfy the octet rule, just enter the chemical symbol as many
times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms don't satisfy the octet rule, enter "0,0".
The carbonate anion, CO32- , is a resonance hybrid. Draw all of the important resonance structures for this molecule. If an atom has a nonzero formal charge, be sure the formal charge is shown clearly in the structure. Use the resonance structures to calculate the average formal charge on each O atom (which are all equivalent in the "true" structure). [Note: all of the important contributing resonance structures have octets around each atom that desires an octet.]
The azide ion, N, is a symmetrical ion, in which all of the possible Lewis structures have formal charge on one or more atoms. Draw three possible Lewis structures for this ion.
Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all nonbonding electrons. Show the formal charges of all atoms.
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NNNITY
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NENN
N=N-N²
N²NN
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H O N S P
F Br CI
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Type the new charge. Press ENTER to finish editing. Press TAB to go through
atoms in the structure.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
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