Give the formula of a negative ion that would have the same number of electrons as each of the following positive ions. a. Na + b. Ca 2+ c. Al 3+ d. Rb +
Give the formula of a negative ion that would have the same number of electrons as each of the following positive ions. a. Na + b. Ca 2+ c. Al 3+ d. Rb +
Give the formula of a negative ion that would have the same number of electrons as each of the following positive ions.
a. Na+
b. Ca2+
c. Al3+
d. Rb+
(a)
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.
Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.
To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in
Na+.
Answer to Problem 49E
The formula of negative ions is
F−,O2− and
N3−.
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of
Na+ is,
1s22s22p6
It contains 10 electrons.
The atomic number of oxygen
(O) is 8 which means it has 8 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p4
It gains two electrons to get 10 electrons and form
O2− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p6
The atomic number of fluorine
(F) is 9 which means it has 9 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p5
It gains an electron to get 10 electrons and form
F− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p6
The atomic number of nitrogen
(N) is 7 which means it has 7 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p5
It gains three electrons to get 10 electrons and form
N3− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p6
(b)
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.
Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.
To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in
Ca2+.
Answer to Problem 49E
The formula of negative ions is
Cl−,S2−andP3−.
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of
Ca2+ is,
1s22s22p63s23p6
It contains 18 electrons.
The atomic number of chlorine
(Cl) is 17 which means it has 17 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p63s23p5
It gains an electron to get 18 electrons and form
Cl− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p63s23p6
The atomic number of sulfur
(S) is 16 which means it has 16 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p63s23p4
It gains two electrons to get 18 electrons and form
S2− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p63s23p6
The atomic number of phosphorous
(P) is 15 which means it has 15 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p63s23p3
It gains three electrons to get 18 electrons and form
P3− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p63s23p6
(c)
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.
Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.
To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in
Al3+.
Answer to Problem 49E
The formula of negative ions is
F−,O2−andN3−.
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of
Al3+ is,
1s22s22p63s23p1
It contains 10 electrons.
The atomic number of fluorine
(F) is 9 which means it has 9 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p5
It gains an electron to get 10 electrons and form
F− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p6
The atomic number of oxygen
(O) is 8 which means it has 8 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p4
It gains two electrons to get 10 electrons and form
O2− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p6
The atomic number of nitrogen
(N) is 7 which means it has 7 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p5
It gains three electrons to get 10 electrons and form
N3− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p6
(d)
Expert Solution
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.
Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.
To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in
Rb+.
Answer to Problem 49E
The formula of negative ions is
Br−,Se2−andAs3−.
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of
Rb+ is,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
It contains 36 electrons.
The atomic number of bromine
(Br) is 35 which means it has 35 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
It gains an electron to get 36 electrons and form
Br− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
The atomic number of selenium
(Se) is 34 which means it has 34 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4
It gains two electrons to get 36 electrons and form
Se2− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
The atomic number of arsenic
(As) is 33 which means it has 33 electrons and its electronic configuration is,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
It gains three electrons to get 36 electrons and form
As3− and its electronic configuration becomes,
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
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Which statement is NOT correct regarding the lattice energy of an ionic solid?
a.Lattice energy of MgO is higher than NaCl, due to MgO's higher ionic charge and smaller ionic sizes
b.As the lattice energy increases melting point increases
c.It is the energy change when one mole of an ionic compound is created under standard conditions from its pure elements
d.It is the energy change on formation of one mole of an ionic compound from its constituent ions in the gaseous state
e.As the lattice energy increases solubility decreases
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xhaustium" (Xh).Xh exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xh(s) + F2(g) → XhF2(s)
Lattice energy for XhF2
-2140. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xh
310. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xh
589 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of F
-327.8 kJ/mol
Bond energy of F2
154 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xh
150. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xhaustium fluoride.
Your answer must be accurate and precise to the nearest 1 kJ/mol, as are the given parameters.
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xtrinsium" (Xt).
Xt exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xt(s) + F2(g) → XtF2(s)
Lattice energy for XtF2
-2360. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xt
520. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xt
936 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of F
-327.8 kJ/mol
Bond energy of F2
154 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xt
180. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xtrinsium fluoride.
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