Chemistry
Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 49E

Give the formula of a negative ion that would have the same number of electrons as each of the following positive ions.

a. Na+

b. Ca2+

c. Al3+

d. Rb+

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.

Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.

To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in Na+ .

Answer to Problem 49E

The formula of negative ions is F,O2 and N3 .

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Na+ is,

1s22s22p6

It contains 10 electrons.

The atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8 which means it has 8 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p4

It gains two electrons to get 10 electrons and form O2 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p6

The atomic number of fluorine (F) is 9 which means it has 9 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p5

It gains an electron to get 10 electrons and form F and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p6

The atomic number of nitrogen (N) is 7 which means it has 7 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p5

It gains three electrons to get 10 electrons and form N3 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p6

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.

Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.

To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in Ca2+ .

Answer to Problem 49E

The formula of negative ions is Cl,S2andP3 .

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Ca2+ is,

1s22s22p63s23p6

It contains 18 electrons.

The atomic number of chlorine (Cl) is 17 which means it has 17 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p63s23p5

It gains an electron to get 18 electrons and form Cl and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p63s23p6

The atomic number of sulfur (S) is 16 which means it has 16 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p63s23p4

It gains two electrons to get 18 electrons and form S2 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p63s23p6

The atomic number of phosphorous (P) is 15 which means it has 15 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p63s23p3

It gains three electrons to get 18 electrons and form P3 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p63s23p6

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.

Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.

To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in Al3+ .

Answer to Problem 49E

The formula of negative ions is F,O2andN3 .

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Al3+ is,

1s22s22p63s23p1

It contains 10 electrons.

The atomic number of fluorine (F) is 9 which means it has 9 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p5

It gains an electron to get 10 electrons and form F and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p6

The atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8 which means it has 8 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p4

It gains two electrons to get 10 electrons and form O2 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p6

The atomic number of nitrogen (N) is 7 which means it has 7 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p5

It gains three electrons to get 10 electrons and form N3 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p6

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as each of the given positive ions is to be written.

Concept introduction: The ionic compound can be separated into ions. Ions are of two types. Positively charged ions are called cation and negatively charged ions are called anions.

To determine: The formula of negative ions that have the same number of electrons as in Rb+ .

Answer to Problem 49E

The formula of negative ions is Br,Se2andAs3 .

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Rb+ is,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6

It contains 36 electrons.

The atomic number of bromine (Br) is 35 which means it has 35 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5

It gains an electron to get 36 electrons and form Br and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6

The atomic number of selenium (Se) is 34 which means it has 34 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4

It gains two electrons to get 36 electrons and form Se2 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6

The atomic number of arsenic (As) is 33 which means it has 33 electrons and its electronic configuration is,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3

It gains three electrons to get 36 electrons and form As3 and its electronic configuration becomes,

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Chemistry

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