9th Edition

ISBN: 9781133611097

Author: Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that …

Exergonic Reaction

The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energ…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 8, Problem 152CP

Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together.

a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes?

b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer.

c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process

d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur?

e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na₂Cl? NaCl₂? What about MgO compared to MgO₂? Mg₂O?

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Chapter 8, Problem 151CP

Chapter 8, Problem 153CP

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Solution Summary: The author explains the three steps involved in an ionic compound formation. The removal of an electron from the metal requires energy to be supplied.

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