Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 8, Problem 148CP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The first ionization energies of the given halogen atoms and the electronegativity of the fluorine tom has been given. The electronegativity values for the given halogens, with respect to the given formula, are to be calculated. These values need to be further compared with the stated electronegativity values for the given compounds.
Concept introduction: Electronegativity can be defined as the measure of the tendency of an electron to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself. It is directly proportional to the difference between the ionization energy and the
To determine: The electronegativity values of the given halogens; a comparison of these values with the values in the text.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
i need the answer quickly
7. Which families or groups are likely to form the following ions?
a. +1
b.-1
c. +2
d. -2
e. +3
ing and lea X G The element in period 5 that has X
ent/takeCovalentActivity.do?locator-assignment-take
3
eq
2. The central nitrogen atom V
A. Obeys the octet rule
B. Has an incomplete octet.
C. Has an expanded octet.
Submit Answer
[Review Topics]
[References]
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.
Lewis Structures Lewis Structures are used to describe the covalent bonding in molecules and ions.
Draw a Lewis structure for NH4 and answer the following questions based on your drawing.
1. For the central nitrogen atom:
The number of lone pairs
The number of single bonds =
The number of double bonds=
3
Retry Entire Group
4+
C Solved The following Lewis diagr X
00
144
6
9 more group attempts remaining
+
0
44
ort sc
A ENG
deleta
Previous
back space
16 ☆
Next
11:55 AM
11/28/2022
end
1
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 8 - Distinguish between the terms electronegativity...Ch. 8 - When an element forms an anion, what happens to...Ch. 8 - Define the term lattice energy. Why,...Ch. 8 - Explain how bond energies can be used to estimate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Explain the terms resonance and delocalized...Ch. 8 - Define formal charge and explain how to calculate...Ch. 8 - Give two requirements that should be satisfied for...Ch. 8 - Consider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2,...Ch. 8 - Explain the electronegativity trends across a row...
Ch. 8 - The ionic compound AB is formed. The charges on...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 8 - The bond energy for a CH bond is about 413 kJ/mol...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 8 - Which has the greater bond lengths: NO2 or NO3?...Ch. 8 - The following ions are best described with...Ch. 8 - The second electron affinity values for both...Ch. 8 - What is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms...Ch. 8 - Why are some bonds ionic and some covalent?Ch. 8 - How does a bond between Na and Cl differ from a...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following molecules from most to least...Ch. 8 - Does a Lewis structure tell which electron come...Ch. 8 - Describe the type of bonding that exists in die...Ch. 8 - Some plant fertilizer compounds are (NH4)2SO4,...Ch. 8 - Some of the important properties of ionic...Ch. 8 - What is the electronegativity trend? Where does...Ch. 8 - Give one example of a compound having a linear...Ch. 8 - When comparing the size of different ions, the...Ch. 8 - In general the higher the charge on the ions in an...Ch. 8 - Combustion reactions of fossil fuels provide most...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is/are true?...Ch. 8 - Three resonance structures can be drawn for CO2....Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is(are) true?...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Which of the following incorrectly shows the bond...Ch. 8 - Indicate the bond polarity (show the partial...Ch. 8 - Predict the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or...Ch. 8 - List all the possible bonds that can occur between...Ch. 8 - Hydrogen has an electronegativity value between...Ch. 8 - Rank the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - State whether or not each of the following has a...Ch. 8 - The following electrostatic potential diagrams...Ch. 8 - Prob. 41ECh. 8 - Prob. 42ECh. 8 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 8 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 8 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 8 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 8 - Which of the following ions have noble gas...Ch. 8 - What noble gas has the same electron configuration...Ch. 8 - Give the formula of a negative ion that would have...Ch. 8 - Prob. 50ECh. 8 - Give three ions that are isoelectronic with neon....Ch. 8 - Consider the ions Sc3+, Cl, K+, Ca2+, and S2....Ch. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - For each of the following groups, place the atoms...Ch. 8 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 8 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 8 - Use the following data for potassium chloride to...Ch. 8 - Use the following data for magnesium fluoride to...Ch. 8 - Consider the following energy changes: E(kJ/mol)...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron affinity of fluorine to the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 61ECh. 8 - Use the following data (in kJ/mol) to estimate E...Ch. 8 - Rationalize the following lattice energy values:...Ch. 8 - The lattice energies of FeCl3, FeCl2, and Fe2O3...Ch. 8 - Use bond energy values (Table 3-3) to estimate E...Ch. 8 - Use bond energy values (Table 3-3) to estimate E...Ch. 8 - Prob. 67ECh. 8 - Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of...Ch. 8 - Use bond energies to predict E for the following...Ch. 8 - The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is by...Ch. 8 - Use bond energies to estimate E for the combustion...Ch. 8 - Prob. 72ECh. 8 - Prob. 73ECh. 8 - Consider the following reaction: A2+B22AB E =...Ch. 8 - Compare your answers from parts a and b of...Ch. 8 - Compare your answers from Exercise 72 to the H...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpies of formation for S(g),...Ch. 8 - Use the following standard enthalpies of formation...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpy of formation for N2H2(g) is...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpy of formation for NO(g) is...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - One type of exception to the octet rule are...Ch. 8 - Lewis structures can be used to understand why...Ch. 8 - The most common exceptions to the octet rule are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 88ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the following. Show all...Ch. 8 - Prob. 90ECh. 8 - Benzene (C6H6) consists of a six-membered ring of...Ch. 8 - Borazine (B3N3H6) has often been called inorganic...Ch. 8 - An important observation supporting the concept of...Ch. 8 - Consider the following bond lengths: CO143pmC9O123...Ch. 8 - A toxic cloud covered Bhopal, India, in December...Ch. 8 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is present in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 99ECh. 8 - Use formal charge arguments to explain why CO has...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the species in Exercise...Ch. 8 - Oxidation of the cyanide ion produces the stable...Ch. 8 - When molten sulfur reacts with chlorine gas, a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106ECh. 8 - Prob. 108ECh. 8 - Predict the molecular structure and bond angles...Ch. 8 - Predict die molecular structure and bond angles...Ch. 8 - There are several molecular structures based on...Ch. 8 - Two variations of the octahedral geometry (see...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Prob. 117ECh. 8 - Which of the molecules in Exercise 120 have net...Ch. 8 - Which of the molecules in Exercise 121 have net...Ch. 8 - Which of the molecules in Exercise 122 have net...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures and predict the molecular...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures and predict whether each of...Ch. 8 - Consider the following Lewis structure where E is...Ch. 8 - Consider the following Lewis structure where E is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 125ECh. 8 - Two different compounds have the formula XeF2Cl2....Ch. 8 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - For each of the following, write an equation that...Ch. 8 - Use bond energies (table 3-3), values of electron...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3....Ch. 8 - Which member of the following pairs would you...Ch. 8 - What do each of the following sets of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 133AECh. 8 - Although both Br3 and I3 ions are known, the F3...Ch. 8 - Which of the following molecules have not dipole...Ch. 8 - Prob. 137AECh. 8 - Look up the energies for the bonds in CO and N2....Ch. 8 - Classify the bonding in each of the following...Ch. 8 - List the bonds PCl, PF, OF, and SiF from least...Ch. 8 - Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following...Ch. 8 - Use the following data to estimate E for the...Ch. 8 - Use bond energy values to estimate E for the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following compounds or ions exhibit...Ch. 8 - The formulas of several chemical substances are...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure, bond angles, and...Ch. 8 - Use Coulombs Jaw, V=Q1Q240r=2.311019Jnm(Q1Q2r) to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 148CPCh. 8 - Calculate the standard heat of formation of the...Ch. 8 - Given the following information: Energy of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 151CPCh. 8 - Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps...Ch. 8 - The compound NF3 is quite stable, but NCl3, is...Ch. 8 - Three processes that have been used for the...Ch. 8 - The compound hexaazaisowurtzitane is one of the...Ch. 8 - Many times extra stability is characteristic of a...Ch. 8 - The study of carbon-containing compounds and their...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for the N,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 159CPCh. 8 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 8 - A compound, XF5, is 42.81% fluorine by mass....Ch. 8 - Identify the following elements based on their...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Write Lewis formulas for the BF molecule (two with a single BF bond, two with a double BF bond, and one with a triple BF bond) in which the octet rule is satisfied for at least one of the atoms. Obtain the formal charges of the atoms. Based on the information you have, is there one formula that you think best describes the molecule? Explain. For this best Lewis formula, give the valence bond description of the bonding.arrow_forward4, 134. Although both Br3 and Iz ions are known, the F3 ion has not been observed. Explain. 101 ond 102 Would vou make thearrow_forwardAssuming that the distances between the two ions are the same in all cases, which of the following ion pairs has the smallest electrostatic potential energy? Select one: a. Fe3+- Cl- b. K*- I c. Ca2+- s²- O d. Al3+- p3- e. Lit- 02-arrow_forward
- Write electron configurations for the most stable ion formed by each of the elements , Ba, Se, and Cl (when in stable ionic compounds). (Express your answer as a series of orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of Li would be entered in complete form as 1s2 2s1 or in condensed form as [He]2s1.) a.) Electron configuration for the most stable ion of Ba b.) Electron configuration for the most stable ion of Se c.) Electron configuration for the most stable ion of Clarrow_forwardArrange the atoms and/or ions in the following groups in order of decreasing size. (Express your answer as a chemical formula.) 1. Co+, Co²+, Co³+ 2. S²-, Cl-, K+ 3. Fe²+, Ni²+, Zn²+ Aarrow_forwardI don't understand.. Can you help all this questions?arrow_forward
- See image below. Can you please show me how to solve this? I got -910kJ/mol as the lattice energy..arrow_forwardrn/takeAssignment/takeCovalentActivity.do?locator=Dassignment-take [Review Topics] [References] Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. The following Lewis diagram represents the valence electron configuration of a main-group element. This element is in group According to the octet rule, this element would be expected to form an ion with a charge of| If X is in period 4, the ion formed has the same electron configuration as the noble gas The symbol for the ion is M Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remaining M) M ts 2reg pts M) 1 pts OM) Previous Next Email Instructor Save and Exitarrow_forward1. Which of the following correctly identifies which has the higher electronegativity, Sn or Te, and supplies the best justification? A. Sn, because of its higher nuclear charge. B. Te, because of its higher nuclear charge. C. Sn, because of fewer energy levels between nucleus and bonded electrons. D. Te, because of fewer energy levels between nucleus and bonded electrons. 2. Which of the following ordered pairs of elements has the highest difference in electronegativity? A. Li and Be B. O and F C. Li and F D. F and F 3. Which element has a higher electronegativity value? A. Niobium B. Tin C. Cadmium D. Iodine 4. As you move across a period, the outer electrons are to the nucleus, so the nucleus of the atom is to attract electrons in a bond. A. closer, more able B. further, less able C. closer, less able D. Further, more able 5. Why does electronegativity decrease as you go down a group? A. As you go down a group, the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus. B. As you go down…arrow_forward
- c) Explain which would have the lowest second ionization energy. Explain which species in each of the following pairs would have the greater electronegativity. a. lithium or nitrogen b. sulfur or selenium Consider the following table of ionization energies in kJ/mole. Element 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Na 496 4562 6912 9544 13353 16610 738 1451 7733 Mg Al 10540 13630 17995 18378 578 1817 2745 11577 14831 Si 786 1577 3232 4356 16091 19785 P 1012 1903 2912 4957 6274 21269 a. Explain why the first ionization energy generally increases as one goes down the group of elements listed above. b. Explain why for a particular element , the second ionization energy is greater than the first jonization energy, the third is greater than the second etc. c. Explain why Mg has a higher first ionization energy than does Na, but a lower second ionization energy than does Na. d. Explain why for aluminum there is a large increase in ionization from 3rd to 4tharrow_forward6. Using the periodic table, arrange the following in increasing order: a. Electronegativity: Fr, Rn, Cs, At b. Atomic radius: Xe, F. Rb Sn ,Sr c. First ionization energy: Al, Ar, Cs Na d. lonic radii: Se?, Rb', Srt, Parrow_forwardi dont think the answer is 2961.. i think its -2961. pls make sure of thisarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning