A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations. Concept introduction: Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 68PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Hydrobromination:

A hydrobromination reaction is one of the electrophilic additions to alkenes to yield the corresponding bromo alkanes. In this reaction the bromine atom adds to the double bond carbon which is having lesser number of hydrogen or more substituted carbon (Markovnikov's rule).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction: In this reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.

Anti-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from different planes to the alkene. Alkenes are treated with peroxy acids followed by aqueous acids and gives anti-dihydroxylation products.

Syn-dihydroxylation: It is a process of adding two –OH groups from the same plane to the alkene. Potassium per manganite and osmium tetroxide etc, are used as reagents.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 8.4 - Draw a mechanism for the following...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 6PTS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 9CC

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Concept explainers

Interpretation: A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations. Concept introduction: Osmium tetra oxide: Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Interpretation:

A suitable reagent should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Osmium tetra oxide:

Cis-alkene undergoes oxidation using osmium tetra oxide followed by hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis which furnish cis 1,2 diol.