Chapter 8, Problem 45Q

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A parallel lists for the advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as the fuel for transportation and for producing electricity have to be set up.

Concept introduction:

A Fuel is a substance that releases energy when it gets burnt in presence of Oxygen.  The phenomenon a substance getting burnt in presence of Oxygen is termed as combustion and it is exothermic process.  The larger the amount of heat released per gram of a substance, greater the potential it has to be a fuel.

PEM fuel cell: These cells work with a polymer electrolyte in the form of a thin permeable sheet and allow hydrogen protons to pass through but prohibit the passage of electrons and heavier gas.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Hydrogen as fuel for both transportation and electricity production has to be explained as an article.

Concept introduction:

Electrochemical cell is a device capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy or induces chemical energy by electrical energy. In the galvanic cell spontaneous redox reaction takes place. Redox reaction means the reaction in which the oxidation state of the atoms changes due to the occurrence of both reduction and its complementary oxidation reactions. The element under oxidation reaction loses electron whereas the element in the reduction gains electron.

Fuel cell: The fuel cell is a device, which converts the chemical energy into electrical current by reaction of fuel with oxidant, without use of electrodes.

For example Hydrogen-Oxygen fuel cell, in this cell, Hydrogen is a fuel and Oxygen is an oxidant. The continuous flow of fuel and oxidant is gives a continuous production of current.

  $Fuel+Oxidant\underset{}{\to }Oxidationproduct+electricity$