Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135564172
Author: Mark Sanders, John Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 8, Problem 3P
Answer these questions concerning promoters.
a. What role do promoters play in transcription?
b. What is the common structure of a bacterial promoter with respect to consensus sequences?
c. What consensus sequences are detected in the mammalian
d. Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than bacterial promoters. Explain why.
e. What is the meaning of the term alternative promoter? How does the use of alternative promoters affect transcription?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Consider a mutation in -10 BOX promoter consensus sequence (TATAAT) in the prokaryote recA gene where the first T base mutated to G, what outcome(s) are likely?
a.
transcription levels will increase as the GC content would increase
b.
this mutation is silent, so no change in transcription level
c.
transcription levels would decrease because the promoter would be weaker
d.
transcription levels do not depend on the promoter sequence for the gal gene
e.
nothing would happen because the promoter would not change the mRNA sequence
Answer these questions concerning promoters.
a) What role do promoters play in transcription?
b) What is the common structure of bacterial promoter with respect to consensus sequences?
c) Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than bacterial promoters. Why?
d) What is the meaning of the term alternative promoter? How does the use of alternative promoters affect transcription?
Comparing the -10 regions of two E. coli promoters which have identical -35 regions revealed the sequence TATAAT for the first and GATACT for the second one. Why does the first promoter cause a higher transcription rate than the second one?
a. The transcription rate from the first promoter will be higher, because RNA polymerase will bind TATAAT with a higher affinity than GATACT.
b. It will be higher, because formation of the open promoter complex is more easily achieved with TATAAT than with GATACT.
c. It will be higher, because TATAAT of the -10 region is transcribed into UAUAAU, which forms fewer hydrogen bonds with the template strand than GAUACU.
d. a and b, but not c
e. a, b, and c
Chapter 8 Solutions
Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1PCh. 8 - 8.2 In one to two sentences each, describe the...Ch. 8 - 8.3 Answer these questions concerning...Ch. 8 - 8.4 The diagram below shows a DNA duplex. The...Ch. 8 - The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:...Ch. 8 - Compare and contrast the properties of DNA...Ch. 8 - The DNA sequences shown below are from the...Ch. 8 - Bacterial and eukaryotic gene transcripts can...Ch. 8 - Describe the two types of transcription...Ch. 8 - What is the role of enhancer sequences in...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11PCh. 8 - Draw a bacterial promoter and label its consensus...Ch. 8 - For a eukaryotic gene whose transcription require...Ch. 8 - Three genes identified in the diagram as A, B and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15PCh. 8 - 8.16 The segment of the bacterial gene involved in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 17PCh. 8 - Prob. 18PCh. 8 - 8.19 A DNA fragment from the end of the mouse...Ch. 8 - 8.20 Wild-type E. coli grow best at but can grow...Ch. 8 - A mutant strain of Salmonella bacteria carries a...Ch. 8 - 8.22 The human wild-type allele and a certain...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a...Ch. 8 - The accompanying illustration shows a portion of a...Ch. 8 - DNA footprint protection (described in Research...Ch. 8 - Suppose you have a 1-kb segment of cloned DNA that...Ch. 8 - Assume that a mutation affects the gene for each...Ch. 8 - 8.29 The DNA sequence below gives the first base...Ch. 8 - 8.30 Genomic DNA from a mouse is isolated,...Ch. 8 - 8.31 A portion of a human gene is isolated from...
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- Your investors are concerned that the GasP protein might not be sufficiently produced under normal laboratory conditions. They suggest controlling the transcription of the gasP gene using a chemical that will “trigger” its transcription. a. What type of promoter could be used? b. What chemical will you use to control transcription? c. How does this method of control work?arrow_forwardThere are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).arrow_forwardThe chart below is a position specific scoring matrix (PSSM, a logarithmic transformed matrix) for a transcription factor binding site. (1). Evaluate a sequence “GACATTCA” to find out which segment of the sequence fits the binding site best. (2) What is the max score that a sequence can have with this PSSM? (3) What is the minimum score a sequence can have with this PSSM?arrow_forward
- 1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it an mRNA sequence and to a protein? B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription? C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes D. How are non-coding regions involved in gene transcription? E. Explain how eukaryotic genes sometimes produce multiple protein products?arrow_forwardPredict the state of transcription activation in the following scenarios: A. Regulated as usual B. Higher levels of transcription C. Lower levers of transcription Everything in the system is intact except activators can no longer bind to chromatin modifiers Everything in the system is intact except there are overly active histone deacetylases Everything in the system is intact except heterochromatin is constantly shifted to the form of euchromatin Everything in the system is intact except the main coactivator Mediator no longer binds to RNA Polymerase IIarrow_forwardConsider a gene being transcribed at a constant rate k1 and being degraded with first order kinetics with a rate constant of k2. a. Write the chemical reaction for transcriptionb. Derive the instantaneous concentration of the mRNA within the cell. Explicitly list all assumptions.arrow_forward
- You made four mutants for a promoter sequence in DNA and studied them for transcription. The results of the amount of gene expression or transcription (based on beta-Gal activity shown on Y-axis) for these DNAs (X-axis) are shown. The sequence of the wild-type and mutant DNAs, and consensus sequence from many promoters are shown here for your convenience. From this experiment you can conclude that: Nucleotide substitution can identify important bases of the binding sites or promoter in DNA (e.g., -10 and -35 promoter sequences of lac operon). True or false: Spacer (a) -10 region -35 region TTGACA Consensus sequence TATAAT Wild-type Lac promoter GGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATT Mutant 1 GGCTTTACACTTTATG-TTCCGGCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATT Mutant 2 GGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATAATGTGTGGAATT Mutant 3 GGCTTTACACTTTATG-TTCCGGCTCGTATAATGTGTGGAATT Mutant 4 GGCTTGACACTTTATG-TTCCGGCTCGTATAATGTGTGGAATT (b) 700 600- 500- 400- 300- 200- 100. 0 ● True O False B-Galactosidase activity Wild-type…arrow_forwardExplain using leucine zipper motifs as an example, how protein-protein interactions between transcription factors containing such motifs can generate diversity in transcriptional activation. Refer to the recognition of DNA elements in gene promoters to justify your answer. Assume transcription factor A binds to DNA element A’, transcription factor B binds to DNA element B’, and so forth.arrow_forwardPredict and explain the effect on GAL1 transcription, in the presence of galactose alone, of the following mutations:a. Deletion of one Gal4-binding site in the GAL1 UAS element.b. Deletion of all four Gal4-binding sites in the GAL1 UAS element.c. Deletion of the Mig1-binding site upstream of GAL1.d. Deletion of the Gal4 activation domain.e. Deletion of the GAL80 gene.f. Deletion of the GAL1 promoter.g. Deletion of the GAL3 gene.arrow_forward
- . One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairingwith the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA toblock translation. In a second, alternative mechanism,the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing thesense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguishbetween these two modes of action at a specific gene.(Hint: What would be the outcome in each case ifhigh levels of the antisense RNA were transcribedfrom a gene on a plasmid?)arrow_forwardThere is Hyaluronic acid synthesis occuring in Group X Strep and it is controlled by an operon with 3 genes, called hasXYZ. Based on the 3-line diagram model, a. How many ribosome binding sites are there for the protein? b. How many promoters are there for the genes? c. How many start codons are there for the protein? d. How many RNA Polymerase binding locations are there for the genes? e. How many proteins will be fully functional? f. How many mRNA strands are made?arrow_forwarda. What is grey donut shaped object supposed to represent? b. Label with the word "promoter" where one might find the promoter region in this image. c. In the magnified insert, label the template strand that is being transcribed with the word "template". d. In the magnified insert label the 5' and 3' ends of the transcript. e. What entity functions to break the complementary base pairing of a gene at its transcription start site? CS Scanned with CamScannerarrow_forward
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