Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 3A
Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer operon, which includes the gene for mercuric reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of the mercuric ion Hg21 to the uncharged form of mercury, Hg0. Hg21 is quite toxic to cells; Hg0 is not.
- a. What do you suppose is the inducer for this operon?
- b. The protein encoded by one of the mer genes binds Hg21 in the periplasm and brings it into the cell. Why would a cell bring in a toxin?
- c. What is the value of the mer operon to Pseudomonas?
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A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. Consider each genotype below and complete the table using “+” to indicate that the gene is expressed, and “−” to indicate that gene is not expressed.
If a wild-type (normal, NOTmutated) E. coli strain is grown in a medium:
a. without lactose or glucose, how many proteins (and which ones) are bound to the lac operon?
b. Without lactose, but with glucose, how many proteins (and which ones) are bound to the lac operon??- lac repressor
If a wild-type (normal, NOTmutated) E. coli strain is grown in a medium:
a. without lactose or glucose, how many proteins (and which ones) are bound to the lac operon?
b. Without lactose, but with glucose, how many proteins (and which ones) are bound to the lac operon??
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
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- Give all possible genotypes of a lac operon that produces, or fails to produce, β-galactosidase and permease under the following conditions. Do not give partial-diploid genotypes. Lactose absent Lactose present β-Galactosidase Permease β-Galactosidase Permease a. − − + + b. − − − + c. − − + − d. + + + + e. − − − − f. + − + − g. − + − +arrow_forwardGive only typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardAnalyze the following genotypes of the Lac Operon in E. coli. In each case, determine whether Beta-galactosidase (enzyme that digests lactose) and permease (membrane channel that brings lactose into the cell) would be made in the presence or absence of lactose. For the purpose of this question, ignore glucose levels. Simply select 'YES' if the proteins are made or 'NO' if they are not . (Refer to the Lac Operon diagram for the meaning of the letters in the genotypes. Remember a "plus" superscript indicates normal functioning part of operon or repressor gene, a "minus" indicates loss of function, "OC" means "operator- constitutive", and "IS" means "super-repressor") Absence of Lactose Presence of Lactose Genotype В-gal Permease В -gal Permease IS pt 0 z+ Y-/ I† p+ 0C z¯ y+ It p+ 0C z+ y+/ I* P¯ 0 Z- Y It P 0C Z- Y+/ I¯ p* 0 z+ y It pt o z Y+/ I¯ p+ 0 z+ Yarrow_forward
- A haploid E. coli cell has the genotype I ¯ P+ O+ Z+ Y ¯ where the I ¯ indicates that the repressor protein cannot bind to the operator due to a mutation. Which of the following statements about cells with this lac operon genotype are correct? I ¯ P+ O+ Z+ Y ¯ Select all that apply. β-galactosidase will be transcribed constitutively. The cells are able to import lactose across the cell membrane. The cells are lac+ and are able to grow on a medium with lactose but no glucose. RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter.arrow_forwardStrain LOLZ has a mutation in the lacI gene that results in a lacI protein that cannot bind allolactose. Otherwise all other parts of the operon are functional. 1. Can strain LOLZ metabolize lactose if it is present? 2. If lactose is absent, will strain LOLZ transcribe its lac operon? 3. If lactose is present, will strain LOLZ transcribe its lac operon?arrow_forwardBob determines that Red/pink protein is synthesized at much higher amounts than the Brown protein; Bob thinks that this is how the burger always is perfectly medium-rare (pink/red in the interior of the patty, with a small amount of brown at the burger’s surface). Bob also knows that R and B both are transcribed from the single operon. Briefly describe the biological mechanism allowing for accumulation of more R than B protein.arrow_forward
- Consider the lac operon of E. coli. Specifically, explain the following: a. Describe the overall chromosomal structure/organization of the operon, indicating the location and function of the regulatory regions and the structural genes. b. Is lac a catabolic or anabolic pathway? Explain. Is the operon inducible or repressible? Explain. c. Describe the mechanisms involved in negative control & positive controlarrow_forwardYou are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation a.Which operons would be functional under these conditions? b.What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) c.Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? d.Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? e.Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence? f.Which repressor(s)under these conditions cannot bind the operator sequence?arrow_forwardThe graph below shows a growth curve of E. coli growing in a defined medium containing equal concentration of glucose and lactose. On the y-axis optical density provides a measure of cell number, higher optical density indicates greater cell number. OD (optical density) Time Based on your knowledge regarding regulation of the lac operon, the best explanation of these results is that... A. The bacteria are utilizing both sugars simultaneously. B. At early time points, inhibition of the lac repressor allows for lactose metabolism. C. Cells constitutively express enzymes needed for sugar metabolism, allowing for continuous cell growth. D. Glucose activates CAP, allowing for cell growth at intermediate time points. E. At later time points, high cAMP allows for an increase in beta-galactosidase expression.arrow_forward
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