Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1A
Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used in treating cancer. These mutagens can cause cancer, so why do you suppose they are used to treat the disease?
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How does a mutagen induce mutation ?explain with examples?
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
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- Researchers sometimes use gamma rays to induce deletion mutations in certain organisms and thus create mutant strains. What might this suggest regarding how exactly gamma rays interact with DNA? What are they probably causing to happen that results in these deletion mutations?arrow_forwardEarlier, we described the Lederbergs’experiment, which demonstrated thatmutations are not directed by the environment. But mutagens, which areenvironmental, can lead to mutations. What’s the difference?arrow_forwardHow could telomerase inhibitors be used to treat cancer?arrow_forward
- Explain how a mutagen can interfere with DNA replication to cause a mutation. Give two examples.arrow_forwardYou are working with a newly discovered mutagen, and you wish to determine the base change that it introduces into DNA. Thus far, you have determined that the mutagen chemically alters a single base in such a way that its base-pairing properties are altered permanently. To determine the specificity of the alteration, you examine the amino acid changes that take place after mutagenesis. A sample of what you find is shown here:Original: Gln–His–Ile–Glu–LysMutant: Gln–His–Met–Glu–LysOriginal: Ala–Val–Asn–ArgMutant: Ala–Val–Ser–ArgOriginal: Arg–Ser–LeuMutant: Arg–Ser–Leu–Trp–Lys–Thr–Phearrow_forwardYou’re going for a bike ride, and as your muscles work harder, your body needs to produce more of the enzyme. You now know genes are transcribed from DNA into RNA in the nucleus and translated from RNA into proteins by ribosomes. Explain the steps of its creation from DNA to protein. Aside for having a nasty inhibitor around like the one from that insecticide, how else might an enzyme end up being non-functioning? During transcription, a base substitution occurred. Explain two reasons why this change in nucleotide sequence could result in no change to the protein.arrow_forward
- As we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how many nucleotide bases make up a codon, before it was possible to sequence DNA and before Nirenberg and his colleagues solved the genetic code. To do this, they used a chemical mutagen that they knew made single nucleotide changes, used this mutagen to conduct a screen for mutations that disrupted a particular gene, and collected a number of different mutations in this gene. Briefly describe the logic they used to deduce that the codon length is 3 nucleotides long.arrow_forwardTelomerase is not active in most human cells. Some cancer biologists have suggested that activation of the telomerase gene would be a requirement for a cell to become cancerous. Explain why this might be the case.arrow_forwardA chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations, Nitrous, Aminopurine acid Acridine orange 2- produced by Hydroxylamine PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forward
- Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardWhy do adult human cells (other than germ cells and stem cells) NOT express the enzyme telomerase? In other words what benefit does not having telomerase provide to these cells?arrow_forwardThe word mutation is generally considered to be negative. However, is there a positive side to mutations? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward
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