Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1A
Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used in treating cancer. These mutagens can cause cancer, so why do you suppose they are used to treat the disease?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Researchers sometimes use gamma rays to induce deletion mutations in certain organisms and thus create mutant strains. What might this suggest regarding how exactly gamma rays interact with DNA? What are they probably causing to happen that results in these deletion mutations?
Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. So why do we still use X-rays in medicine anyway? What precautions need to be taken?
Earlier, we described the Lederbergs’experiment, which demonstrated thatmutations are not directed by the environment. But mutagens, which areenvironmental, can lead to mutations. What’s the difference?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
6. How can you use the features found in each chapter?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Some species of bacteria that live at the surface of sediment on the bottom of lakes are capable of using eithe...
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water molecules would be arranged like this?
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
The appearance of glucose in the urine a. occurs normally. b. indicates the presence of kidney disease. c. occu...
Human Physiology
The correct term for production of offspring. Introduction: Reproduction is an important life process for most ...
Biology Illinois Edition (Glencoe Science)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How could telomerase inhibitors be used to treat cancer?arrow_forwardWhat is a transposon? Explain why the insertion of a transposon into the DNA of a cell can lead to a mutationarrow_forwardYou are working with a newly discovered mutagen, and you wish to determine the base change that it introduces into DNA. Thus far, you have determined that the mutagen chemically alters a single base in such a way that its base-pairing properties are altered permanently. To determine the specificity of the alteration, you examine the amino acid changes that take place after mutagenesis. A sample of what you find is shown here:Original: Gln–His–Ile–Glu–LysMutant: Gln–His–Met–Glu–LysOriginal: Ala–Val–Asn–ArgMutant: Ala–Val–Ser–ArgOriginal: Arg–Ser–LeuMutant: Arg–Ser–Leu–Trp–Lys–Thr–Phearrow_forward
- You’re going for a bike ride, and as your muscles work harder, your body needs to produce more of the enzyme. You now know genes are transcribed from DNA into RNA in the nucleus and translated from RNA into proteins by ribosomes. Explain the steps of its creation from DNA to protein. Aside for having a nasty inhibitor around like the one from that insecticide, how else might an enzyme end up being non-functioning? During transcription, a base substitution occurred. Explain two reasons why this change in nucleotide sequence could result in no change to the protein.arrow_forwardAs we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how many nucleotide bases make up a codon, before it was possible to sequence DNA and before Nirenberg and his colleagues solved the genetic code. To do this, they used a chemical mutagen that they knew made single nucleotide changes, used this mutagen to conduct a screen for mutations that disrupted a particular gene, and collected a number of different mutations in this gene. Briefly describe the logic they used to deduce that the codon length is 3 nucleotides long.arrow_forwardTelomerase is not active in most human cells. Some cancer biologists have suggested that activation of the telomerase gene would be a requirement for a cell to become cancerous. Explain why this might be the case.arrow_forward
- A chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations, Nitrous, Aminopurine acid Acridine orange 2- produced by Hydroxylamine PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forwardAlthough it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardYou are interested in studying resistance to heavy metals and have selected the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisea to conduct your studies. You have recovered a deletion mutant that does not tolerate high concentrations of zinc (grows poorly in zinc containing media ) and have designated the mutant pgz-1 (for poor growth in zinc ). (a) What is the advantage to the type of mutant used in this work? What class of mutagen was likely use to generate pgz-1? ( b) Do you expect the PGZ gene to be expressed in your mutant? Explain.arrow_forward
- You are working in the lab and are mutagenizing E. coli, to see if you can identify mutations in the DNA that affect the function of E. coli. Instead of trying to grow the mutants and look for phenotypic defects, you decide to sequence the genome of a few of your mutants. One of the mutant E. coli has a mutation in the gene for tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. Now you decide to try to grow this E. coli mutant in the lab, but you are unable to detect any expansion of the population of bacterial cells. What is a possible mechanistic explanation for the lack of population growth of this mutant E. coli?arrow_forwardWhy are mutations bad and at the same time good?arrow_forwardYou are studying the tryptophan synthetase gene that Yanofsky also examined to determine the relationship between the nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence of the gene. Yanofsky found a large number of mutations that affected the tryptophan synthetase gene. A) If you took this mutant E. Coli line (that has an Arginine at this location) and exposed it to a mutagen that could potentially change bases, what are the second mutations you would most likely discover that would restore the activity of the tryptophan synthetase gene and where would it be located? B) Most of the mutations that Yanofsky recovered were missense mutations. However, Yanofsky also recovered a nonsense mutation that changed amino acid number 15 into a stop codon. This codon normally encodes Lysine. Does the recovery of this mutation support the hypothesis that this Lysine residue is critical in the function of the tryptophan synthetase protein?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY