Introductory Statistics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135188927
Author: Gould, Robert, Ryan, Colleen N. (colleen Nooter)
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 8, Problem 34SE
p-Values For each graph, state whether the shaded area could represent a p-value. Explain why or why not. If yes, state whether the area could represent the p-value for a one-sided or a two-sided alternative hypothesis.
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(c) Because logistic regression predicts probabilities of outcomes, observations used to build a logistic regression model need not be independent.
A. false: all observations must be independent
B. true
C. false: only observations with the same outcome need to be independent
I ANSWERED: A. false: all observations must be independent.
(This was marked wrong but I have no idea why. Isn't this a basic assumption of logistic regression)
Business discuss
Spam filters are built on principles similar to those used in logistic regression. We fit a probability that each message is spam or not spam. We have several variables for each email. Here are a few: to_multiple=1 if there are multiple recipients, winner=1 if the word 'winner' appears in the subject line, format=1 if the email is poorly formatted, re_subj=1 if "re" appears in the subject line. A logistic model was fit to a dataset with the following output:
Estimate
SE
Z
Pr(>|Z|)
(Intercept)
-0.8161
0.086
-9.4895
0
to_multiple
-2.5651
0.3052
-8.4047
0
winner
1.5801
0.3156
5.0067
0
format
-0.1528
0.1136
-1.3451
0.1786
re_subj
-2.8401
0.363
-7.824
0
(a) Write down the model using the coefficients from the model fit.log_odds(spam) = -0.8161 + -2.5651 + to_multiple + 1.5801 winner + -0.1528 format + -2.8401 re_subj(b) Suppose we have an observation where to_multiple=0, winner=1, format=0, and re_subj=0. What is the predicted probability that this message is spam?…
Chapter 8 Solutions
Introductory Statistics
Ch. 8 - Choose one of the answers given. The null...Ch. 8 - Choose one of the answers in each case. In...Ch. 8 - Vegetarians (Example 1) In 2016 a Harris poll...Ch. 8 - Embedded Tutors A college chemistry instructor...Ch. 8 - Teen Drivers According to a 2015 University of...Ch. 8 - Water A friend is tested to see whether he can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7SECh. 8 - Law School Grad Employment The National...Ch. 8 - Soda Orders (Example 2) A manager at a casual...Ch. 8 - Mixed Nuts The label on a can of mixed nuts says...
Ch. 8 - Flu Vaccine (Example 3) An immunologist is testing...Ch. 8 - Law School Grad Employment An economist is testing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13SECh. 8 - Hybrid Car Sales According to Green Car Reports,...Ch. 8 - Vegetarians (Example 4) In 2016 the Harris poll...Ch. 8 - Embedded Tutors A college chemistry instructor...Ch. 8 - Coke versus Pepsi (Example 5) Suppose you are...Ch. 8 - St. Louis Jury Pool St. Louis County is 24 African...Ch. 8 - Vegetarians (Example 6) In problem 8.15 the...Ch. 8 - Embedded Tutors In problem 8.16, a college...Ch. 8 - Hospital Readmission A hospital readmission is an...Ch. 8 - Guessing A 20-question multiple choice quiz has...Ch. 8 - Dreaming (Example 7) A 2003 study of dreaming...Ch. 8 - Age Discrimination About 30 of the population in...Ch. 8 - Self-Driving Cars (Example 8) In a Northeastern...Ch. 8 - Diabetes According to a Gallup poll, 11.55 of...Ch. 8 - Coke versus Pepsi A taste test is done to see...Ch. 8 - Seat Belts Suppose we are testing people to see...Ch. 8 - Working Out (Example 9) According to a 2018 survey...Ch. 8 - Vacations According to a 2017 AAA survey, 35 of...Ch. 8 - Working Out (Example 10) According to a 2018...Ch. 8 - Vacations According to a 2017 AAA survey, 35 of...Ch. 8 - p-Values For each graph, indicate whether the...Ch. 8 - p-Values For each graph, state whether the shaded...Ch. 8 - News on Facebook A 2018 Gallup poll of 3635...Ch. 8 - Olympic Viewing A 2018 Gallup poll of 2228...Ch. 8 - Global Warming Historically (from about 2001 to...Ch. 8 - Plane Crashes According to one source, 50 of plane...Ch. 8 - Mercury in Freshwater Fish Some experts believe...Ch. 8 - Twitter Suppose a poll is taken that shows 220 out...Ch. 8 - Morse’s Proportion of ts Samuel Morse determined...Ch. 8 - Morse’s Proportion of as Samuel Morse determined...Ch. 8 - p-Values (Example 11) A researcher carried out a...Ch. 8 - Coin Flips A test is conducted in which a coin is...Ch. 8 - Young Voters (Example 12) According to the...Ch. 8 - Errors with Toast Suppose you are testing someone...Ch. 8 - Blackstone on Errors in Trials Sir William...Ch. 8 - Alpha By establishing a small value for the...Ch. 8 - Superpower (Example 13) What superpower do...Ch. 8 - Flaws The null hypothesis on true/false tests is...Ch. 8 - Which Method? A proponent of a new proposition on...Ch. 8 - Which Method? A proponent of a new proposition on...Ch. 8 - Effectiveness of Financial Incentives A...Ch. 8 - Is it acceptable practice to look at your research...Ch. 8 - If we reject the null hypothesis, can we claim to...Ch. 8 - If we do not reject the null hypothesis, is it...Ch. 8 - When a person stands trial for murder, the jury is...Ch. 8 - When, in a criminal court, a defendant is found...Ch. 8 - Arthritis A magazine advertisement claims that...Ch. 8 - No-Carb Diet A weight-loss diet claims that it...Ch. 8 - When comparing two sample proportions with a...Ch. 8 - When comparing two sample proportions with a...Ch. 8 - Treatment for HIV-1 In a 2018 study reported in...Ch. 8 - Smoking Cessation in HIV Patients In a 2018 study...Ch. 8 - Reading (Example 14) The researchers in a Pew...Ch. 8 - Audio Books Pew Research published survey results...Ch. 8 - Freedom of the Press A Gallup poll asked college...Ch. 8 - Freedom of Religion A Gallup poll asked college...Ch. 8 - Environmental Quality (Example 15) A Gallup poll...Ch. 8 - Caregiving Responsibilities In 2017 the Pew...Ch. 8 - Prob. 71CRECh. 8 - Choosing a Test and Naming the Population(s) For...Ch. 8 - Choosing a Test and Giving the Hypotheses Give the...Ch. 8 - Choosing a Test and Naming the Population(s) In...Ch. 8 - Water Taste Test A student who claims that he can...Ch. 8 - Butter Taste Test A student is tested to determine...Ch. 8 - Biased Coin? A study is done to see whether a coin...Ch. 8 - Biased Coin? A study is done to see whether a coin...Ch. 8 - ESP A researcher studying extrasensory perception...Ch. 8 - Coin Flips Suppose you tested 50 coins by flipping...Ch. 8 - Student Age A community college used enrollment...Ch. 8 - Taste Test A student was tested to see if he could...Ch. 8 - Facebook Pew Research conducts polls on social...Ch. 8 - Television In the Pew Research social media...Ch. 8 - Presidential Election Pew Research reported that...Ch. 8 - Educational Attainment According to a 2016 report...Ch. 8 - Self-Employment According to the Bureau of Labor...Ch. 8 - Student Loans According to a 2016 report from the...Ch. 8 - Gun Control A Quinnipiac poll conducted on...Ch. 8 - Gay Marriage A Gallup poll conducted in 2017 found...Ch. 8 - Three-Strikes Law California’s controversial...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92CRECh. 8 - Prob. 93CRECh. 8 - Cloning Dolly the Sheep, the world’s first mammal...Ch. 8 - A friend claims he can predict the suit of a card...Ch. 8 - A friend claims he can predict how a six-sided die...Ch. 8 - Votes for Independents Judging on the basis of...Ch. 8 - Votes for Independents Refer to Exercise 8.97....Ch. 8 - Texting While Driving The mother of a teenager has...Ch. 8 - True/False Test A teacher giving a true/false test...Ch. 8 - ESP Suppose a friend says he can predict whether a...Ch. 8 - ESP Again Suppose a friend says he can predict...Ch. 8 - Does Hand Washing Save Lives? In the mid-1800s,...Ch. 8 - Opioid Crisis Suppose you wanted to test the claim...Ch. 8 - Guessing on a True/False Test A true/false test...Ch. 8 - Guessing on a Multiple-Choice Test A...
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