Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic effect:
Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.
Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic effect:
Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.
Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic effect:
Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.
Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.
(d)
Interpretation:
For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic effect:
Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.
Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.
(e)
Interpretation:
For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic effect:
Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.
Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.
(f)
Interpretation:
For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic effect:
Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.
Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition
- In an electrolytic cell, indicate the formula that relates E0 to the temperature T.arrow_forward-- 14:33 A Candidate Identification docs.google.com 11. Compound A can transform into compound B through an organic reaction. From the structures below, mark the correct one: HO A تھے۔ די HO B ○ A) Compounds A and B are isomers. B) Both have the same number of chiral carbons. C) Compound A underwent an addition reaction of Cl2 and H2O to form compound B. D) Compound A underwent a substitution reaction forming the intermediate chlorohydrin to obtain compound B. E) Compound A underwent an addition reaction of Cl2 forming the chloronium ion and then added methanol to obtain compound B. 60arrow_forward-- 14:40 A Candidate Identification docs.google.com 13. The compound 1-bromo-hex-2-ene reacts with methanol to form two products. About this reaction, mark the correct statement: OCH3 CH3OH Br OCH3 + + HBr A B A) The two products formed will have the same percentage of formation. B) Product B will be formed by SN1 substitution reaction with the formation of an allylic carbocation. C) Product A will be formed by SN1 substitution reaction with the formation of a more stable carbocation than product B. D) Product A will be formed by an SN2 substitution reaction occurring in two stages, the first with slow kinetics and the second with fast kinetics. E) The two compounds were obtained by addition reaction, with compound B having the highest percentage of formation. 57arrow_forward
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning