Young Adults at Risk. Research by R. Pyhala et al. shows that young adults who were born prematurely with very low birth weights (below 1500 grams) have higher blood pressure than those born at term. The study can be found in the article, “Blood Pressure Responses to Physiological Stress in Young Adults with Very Low Birth Weight” (Pediatrics, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 731–734). The researchers found that systolic blood pressures of young adults who were born prematurely with very low birth weights have
- a. Identify the population and variable.
- b. For samples of 30 young adults who were born prematurely with very low birth weights, find the mean and standard deviation of all possible sample mean systolic blood pressures. Interpret your results in words.
- c. Repeat part (b) for
samples of size 90.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Additional Math Textbook Solutions
Elementary Statistics: A Step By Step Approach
Essentials of Statistics, Books a la Carte Edition (5th Edition)
STATISTICS F/BUSINESS+ECONOMICS-TEXT
Developmental Mathematics (9th Edition)
Statistics Through Applications
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
- The authors of the paper "Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement"† compared two different instruments for measuring a person's ability to breathe out air. (This measurement is helpful in diagnosing various lung disorders.) The two instruments considered were a Wright peak flow meter and a mini-Wright peak flow meter. Seventeen people participated in the study, and for each person air flow was measured once using the Wright meter and once using the mini-Wright meter. Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter 1 512 494 10 445 433 2 430 395 11 432 417 3 520 516 12 626 656 4 428 434 13 260 267 5 500 476 14 477 478 6 600 557 15 259 178 7 364 413 16 350 423 8 380 442 17 451 427 9 658 650 (a) Suppose that the Wright meter is considered to provide a better measure of air flow, but the mini-Wright meter is easier to transport and to use. If the two types of meters produce different…arrow_forwardThe authors of the paper "Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods of Clinical Measurement"† compared two different instruments for measuring a person's ability to breathe out air. (This measurement is helpful in diagnosing various lung disorders.) The two instruments considered were a Wright peak flow meter and a mini-Wright peak flow meter. Seventeen people participated in the study, and for each person air flow was measured once using the Wright meter and once using the mini-Wright meter. Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter Subject Mini-WrightMeter WrightMeter 1 512 494 10 445 433 2 430 395 11 432 417 3 520 516 12 626 656 4 428 434 13 260 267 5 500 476 14 477 478 6 600 557 15 259 178 7 364 413 16 350 423 8 380 442 17 451 427 9 658 650 (a) Suppose that the Wright meter is considered to provide a better measure of air flow, but the mini-Wright meter is easier to transport and to use. If the two types of meters produce…arrow_forwardThe size of the left upper chamber of the heart is one measure of cardiovascular health. When the upper left chamber is enlarged, the risk of heart problems is increased. The paper “Left Atrial Size Increases with Body Mass Index in Children” (International Journal of Cardiology [2009]:1-7) described a study in which the left atrial size was measured for a large number of children age 5 to 15 years. Based on this data, the authors concluded that for healthy children, left atrial diameter was approximately normally distributed with a mean of 26.4 mm and a standard deviation of 4.2 mm. Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters less than 24 mm? Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters greater than 32 mm? Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters between 25 and 30 mm? For healthy children, what is the value for which only about 20% have a larger left atrial diameter?arrow_forward
- Given the data attached in the image for 50 subjects who were treated with a new drug, BP = Blood Pressure, BP-Before -Exp = Blood pressure before the experiment, BP-After-Exp = Blood pressure after the experiment, Two levels of treatment: 0 = Placebo and 1 = treatment group. Family History Blood Pressure = Fam-Hist-BP, Paternal side = Paternal Side, Maternal Side = MS, Both Sides = BS, None on Both Sides or not known = N. Task: Using the attached data in images, generate a frequency table for each of the following categorical variables - Family Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Before the treatment, and Blood Pressure After the treatment.arrow_forwardThe data in the attached image represents blood pressure based on a new trial medication used in an experiment involving a total of 50 male and female subjects. There were two levels of treatment: 0 = placebo and 1 = treatment group. Family History Blood Pressure = Fam-Hist-BP; from the paternal side = PS; from the maternal side = MS; from both sides = BS; none on both sides or not known = N.; Blood pressure before the experiment = BP-Before-Exp; Blood pressure after the experiment = BP-After-Exp. Task: Construct a side-by-side boxplot to compare the variables BP-Before-Exp and BP-After-Exp.arrow_forwardThe data in the attached image represents blood pressure based on a new trial medication used in an experiment involving a total of 50 male and female subjects. There were two levels of treatment: 0 = placebo and 1 = treatment group. Family History Blood Pressure = Fam-Hist-BP; from the paternal side = PS; from the maternal side = MS; from both sides = BS; none on both sides or not known = N.; Blood pressure before the experiment = BP-Before-Exp; Blood pressure after the experiment = BP-After-Exp. Task: Construct a histogram to represent the family BP history, the subjects' BP before treatment and the subjects' BP after treatment.arrow_forward
- The data in the attached image represents blood pressure based on a new trial medication used in an experiment involving a total of 50 male and female subjects. There were two levels of treatment: 0 = placebo and 1 = treatment group. Family History Blood Pressure = Fam-Hist-BP; from the paternal side = PS; from the maternal side = MS; from both sides = BS; none on both sides or not known = N.; Blood pressure before the experiment = BP-Before-Exp; Blood pressure after the experiment = BP-After-Exp. Task: Find the mean and standard deviation for the family history group, the before treatment group, and the after treatment group.arrow_forwardThe data in the attached image represents blood pressure based on a new trial medication used in an experiment involving a total of 50 male and female subjects. There were two levels of treatment: 0 = placebo and 1 = treatment group. Family History Blood Pressure = Fam-Hist-BP; from the paternal side = PS; from the maternal side = MS; from both sides = BS; none on both sides or not known = N.; Blood pressure before the experiment = BP-Before-Exp; Blood pressure after the experiment = BP-After-Exp. Task: Generate at least two different cross tabulations.arrow_forwardHoaglin, Mosteller, and Tukey (1983) presented data on blood levels of beta-endorphin as a function of stress. They took beta-endorphin levels for 19 patients 12 hours before surgery and again 10 minutes before surgery. The data are presented below, in fmol/ml Based on these data, what effect does increased stressed have on endorphin levels. What type of test is this? Participant 12 hours before 10 minutes before 1 10 6.5 2 6.5 14.0 3 8.0 13.5 4 12 18 5 5.0 14.5 6 11.5 9.0 7 5.0 18.0 8 3.5…arrow_forward
- A medical student at a community college in city Q wants to study the factors affecting the systolic blood pressure of a person (Y) Generally, the systolic blood pressure depends on the BMI of a person (B) and the age of the person A. She wants to test whether or not the BMI has a significant effect on the systolic blood pressure, keeping the age of the person constant. For her study, she collects a random sample of 125 patients from the city and estimates the following regression function: Y= 15.50 + 0..90B+1.15A. (0.55) (0 40) The test statistic of the study the student wants to conduct (Ho: B, = 0 vs. H, B, #0), keeping other variables constant is. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) At the 5% significance level, the student will ▼ the null hypothesis. Keeping BMIl constant, she now wants to test whether the age of a person (A) has no significant effect or a positive effect on the person's systolic blood pressure. So, the test statistic associated with the one-sided test the…arrow_forwardCarter et al investigated the effect of age at onset of bipolar disorder on the course of the illness. One of the variables studied was the subjects' family history. The table below shows the frequency of a family history of mood disorders in the two groups of interest: early age at onset (18years or younger) and later age at onset (later than 18 years old). Can we conclude on the basis of these data that subjects 18 or younger differ from subjects older than 18 with respect to family histories ofmood disorders? Ref: J Psychiatric Research 37(2003), 297-303.arrow_forward1. Captopril is a drug designed to lower systolic blood pressure. When subjects were treated with this drug, their systolic blood pressure readings (in mm Hg) were measured before and after the drug was taken. Results are given in the accompanying tables (based on data from "Essential Hypertension: Effect of an Oral Inhibitor of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme," by MacGregor et al., British Medical Journal, Vol. 2). Using a 0.01 significance level, is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that captopril is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure? Subject Before (x) 200 After (y) А В C D E F G H I K 174 198 170 179 182 193 209 185 155 169 210 191 170 177 167 159 151 176 183 159 145 146 177 2. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness for randomly selected subjects are given in the accompanying table (based on "An Analysis of hypnotism in reducing pain. Results Factors That Contribute to the Efficacy of Hypnotic Analgesia," by Price and Barber, Journal of…arrow_forward
- Linear Algebra: A Modern IntroductionAlgebraISBN:9781285463247Author:David PoolePublisher:Cengage LearningGlencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt