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Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277368
Author: David N. Shier Dr., Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7.13, Problem 33P
Summary Introduction
To describe: The characteristics of three major types of joints.
Introduction: The joints may be classified as per the degree of movement they make possible and the type of tissue binding the bones. According to the type of tissue binding to the bones, the joints are categorized as fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 7.1 - List the active tissues found in a bone.
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 7.2 - Describe the macroscopic and microscopic structure...Ch. 7.2 - Explain how bones are classified by shape.
Ch. 7.2 - List five major parts of a long bone.
Ch. 7.2 - How do compact and spongy bone differ in...Ch. 7.2 - Describe the microscopic structure of compact...Ch. 7.3 - Distinguish between intramembranous and...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 7.3 - Explain how an endochondral bone develops.
Ch. 7.3 - Explain how osteoclasts and osteoblasts remodel...Ch. 7.3 - Explain how nutritional factors, hormones, and...Ch. 7.4 - Discuss the major functions of bones.
Ch. 7.4 - Name the major functions of bones.
Ch. 7.4 - Distinguish between the functions of red marrow...Ch. 7.4 - List the substances normally stored in bone...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1QCh. 7.5 - Distinguish between the axial and appendicular...Ch. 7.5 - Distinguish between the axial and appendicular...Ch. 7.5 - List the bones of the axial skeleton and of the...Ch. 7.6 - Locate and identify the bones and the major...Ch. 7.6 - Locate and name each of the bones of the...Ch. 7.6 - Locate and name each of the facial bones.
Ch. 7.6 - Explain how an adult skull differs from that of an...Ch. 7.7 - Locate and identify the bones and the major...Ch. 7.7 - Describe the structure of the vertebral column.
Ch. 7.7 - Describe a typical vertebra.
Ch. 7.7 - Explain how the structures of cervical, thoracic,...Ch. 7.8 - Locate and identify the bones and the major...Ch. 7.8 - Which bones compose the thoracic cage?
Ch. 7.8 - Prob. 22PCh. 7.8 - Prob. 23PCh. 7.9 - Prob. 9LCh. 7.9 - Prob. 24PCh. 7.9 - Prob. 25PCh. 7.10 - Locate and identify the bones and the major...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 26PCh. 7.10 - Prob. 27PCh. 7.11 - Locate and identify the bones and the major...Ch. 7.11 - Prob. 28PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 29PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 1QCh. 7.12 - Prob. 12LCh. 7.12 - Locate and name each of the bones of the lower...Ch. 7.12 - Prob. 31PCh. 7.12 - Prob. 32PCh. 7.13 - Prob. 13LCh. 7.13 - Prob. 14LCh. 7.13 - Prob. 15LCh. 7.13 - Prob. 33PCh. 7.13 - Prob. 34PCh. 7.13 - Prob. 35PCh. 7 - Prob. 1CACh. 7 - Sketch a typical long bone, and label its...Ch. 7 - Discuss the functions of the parts labeled in the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between the microscopic structure of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5CACh. 7 - _____ are mature bone cells, whereas _____ are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CACh. 7 - Prob. 8CACh. 7 - Prob. 9CACh. 7 - Prob. 10CACh. 7 - Prob. 11CACh. 7 - Prob. 12CACh. 7 - Prob. 13CACh. 7 - Prob. 14CACh. 7 - Prob. 15CACh. 7 - Prob. 16CACh. 7 - Prob. 17CACh. 7 - Prob. 18CACh. 7 - Prob. 19CACh. 7 - Prob. 20CACh. 7 - Prob. 21CACh. 7 - Prob. 1IACTCh. 7 - Prob. 2IACTCh. 7 - Prob. 3IACTCh. 7 - Prob. 4IACT
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