
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The electron-rich sites and electron-poor sites in the given elementary steps are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
An atom with partial or full negative charge is an electron-rich site whereas an atom with partial or full positive charge is an electron-poor site. In an elementary step, electrons tend to flow from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site.
(b)
Interpretation:
In each of the given elementary steps the appropriate curved arrows are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The curved arrow is drawn from electron rich site to an electron poor site to show the flow of electrons from electron-rich site to electron-poor site. The first curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair of negatively charged atom of electron-rich site to the less electronegative atom of electron-poor site. The second curved arrow is drawn from the region between the less electronegative atom and more electronegative atom towards the more electronegative atom indicating the breaking of bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
The names of each elementary step are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
In the bimolecular substitution reaction
An elementary step in which a proton is transferred from electron-poor site to electron- rich site and one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously is called proton transfer step.

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Chapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms (second Edition)
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- If you measure a quantity four times and the standard deviation is 1.0% of the average, can you be 90% confident that the true value is within 1.2% of the measured average?arrow_forwardWrite down three most common errors in thermogravimetric analysis. Identify them as systematic or random errors and discuss how you can minimize the errors for better results.arrow_forwarda) A favorable entropy change occurs when ΔS is positive. Does the order of the system increase or decrease when ΔS is positive? (b) A favorable enthalpy change occurs when ΔH is negative. Does the system absorb heat or give off heat when ΔH is negative? (c) Write the relation between ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. Use the results of parts (a) and (b) to state whether ΔG must be positive or negative for a spontaneous change. For the reaction, ΔG is 59.0 kJ/mol at 298.15 K. Find the value of K for the reaction.arrow_forward
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