The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written. Concept Introduction: Free Radical: A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive. Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms. Procedure to write Lewis formulas: 1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged. 2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion. 3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other. 4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Free Radical:

A species that contains one or more unpaired electrons is called free-radicals. Because of the unpaired electrons, free radicals are usually very reactive.

Lewis Structure: A Lewis structure shows a covalent bond as pair of electrons shared between two atoms.

Procedure to write Lewis formulas:

1) The symbols of the atoms that are bonded together in the molecule next to one another are arranged.

2) The total number of valence electrons in the molecule is calculated by adding the number of valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules. If the species is an ion, then the charge of ion into account by adding electrons, if it is a negative ion or subtracting electrons if it is a positive ion.

3) A two-electron covalent bond is represented by placing a line between the atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to each other.

4) The remaining valence electrons as lone pairs about each atom are arranged so that the octet rule is satisfied for each other.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.2P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.4P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.5P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.6P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.8P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10P

Concept explainers

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Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 7 Solutions

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Videos

Interpretation: The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of product and the reactant has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).