Concept explainers
To examine: The experimental treatment that will increase the rate of sucrose transport into a plant cell.
Introduction: A transporter is a protein that spans the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane and helps the molecules, ions, and other solutes to pass through it. Active transport maintains the internal concentration of solutes that differ in concentration from the environment. Active transport requires energy expenditure to perform the work. The energy is supplied by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A cotransporter is a protein that couples a substance against their concentration gradient in a company of a substance that diffuses down to their concentration gradient. In a cotransporter, the ATP molecule is utilized indirectly to provide the energy necessary for cotransport. ATP is utilized by a proton pump to translocate the hydrogen ions (H+). This proton gradient is utilized for the transport of sucrose molecule by a cotransporter.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
- 1. Channel proteins used for the bulk passage of water molecules across the cell membrane?2. The tonicity of the extracellular fluid that maintains the turgid appearance of plant cells?3. The tonicity of the extracellular environment causing plasmolysis of plant cells?4. Plant cells are said to be flaccid in this type of cellular environment or solution?arrow_forwardThis graph shows the electrical charges of the cytosol at one spot along an axon or muscle cell. a) Even though the charges are the same at steps 3 and 6, explain the situation with the ions on either side of the membrane. I am not looking for a vocabulary term here, just a simple explanation in normal words. b) At step 6, this spot in the cell is not ready to conduct another action potential/impulse. What has to happen to get it ready again- and how is this done?arrow_forward1) A plant cell with a pressure potential of 5 bars and an osmotic potential of -9 bars is in equilibrium with a surrounding solution that is open to the air. What is the water potential of the surrounding solution? 2) A plant cell, when initially placed in pure water, has an osmotic potential of -4 bars and a pressure potential of +2 bars. a) Which way will water diffuse? b) When will net diffusion stop? c) When equilibrium is reached, what are the cell's osmotic potential and pressure potential values?arrow_forward
- Among the statements a, b and c, which is/are false? a) Endocytosis is the formation of vacuoles by the plasma membrane for the purpose oftransport inside the cell a small content of extracellular fluid. b) Exocytosis is the formation of vacuoles by the plasma membrane for the purpose oftransport a small amount of intracellular fluid out of the cell. c) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis. d) All of these statements are false. e) None of these statements is false.arrow_forwardAn experiment is designed to study the mechanism of sucrose uptake by plant cells. Cells are immersed in a sucrose solution, and the pH of the solution is monitored. Samples of the cells are taken at intervals, and their sucrose concentration is measured. The pH is observed to decrease until it reaches a steady, slightly acidic level, and then sucrose uptake begins. (1)Rank the steps from first to last. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is involved in the bio-signaling pathway that includes membrane turnover and exocytosis? a) Phosphatidyl glycerol b) Phosphatidylinositol c) Phosphatidyl glycerol and myoinositol d) Myoinositolarrow_forward
- A research student creates an artificial animal cell containing a 5M solution of glucose with a selectively permeable membrane that only allows water to cross it. She places the cell into a beaker of water. After an hour, what effect do you expect to observe? (a) Water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink. (b) Glucose moves out of the cell until equilibrium is reached. (c) Water moves into the cell causing it to lyse/burst. (d) Glucose moves into the cell by facilitated diffusion. (e) There is no net movement of water or glucose. Explain your answerarrow_forwardTypically, there is an ion gradient between the cytoplasm and the interior of synaptic vesicles. The ion gradient has a functional role. Which of the following statements best describes the ion gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane and its role? a.) There is a proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter into the vesicle. b.) There is a sodium gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter into the vesicle. c.) There is a proton gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter out of the vesicle. d.) There is a sodium gradient across the synaptic vesicle membrane, and it provides the driving force for the transport of neurotransmitter out of the vesicle.arrow_forwardDiscuss the following statement: “if plant cells contained intermediate filaments to provide the cells with tensile strength, their cell walls would be dispensable.”arrow_forward
- Microtubules are polar filaments; that is, one end is different from the other. What is the basis for this polarity, how is polarity related to microtubule organization within the cell, and how is polarity related to the intracellular movements powered by microtubule-dependent motors?arrow_forwardWhich of these answers explains why synaptic vesicles only releasee their neurotransmitter cargo in response to a signal? A) the necessary Rab proteins are not synthesized until an action potential arrives B) vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network cannot occur in the absence of plasma membrane depolarization C) an additional protein, synaptotagmin, makes vesicle fusion dependent on the calcium concentration D)a plasma membrane transporter is needed to actively pump neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. These are inactive until membrane depolarizationarrow_forwardWhat condition do plant cells prefer (hypotonic/isotonic/hypertonic)?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education