Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 5TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The citric acid cycle (TCA) consists of reactions in which the initial product is pyruvate. The TCA consists of a series of reactions that occurs in the aerobic organisms. This cycle helps the organisms to release energy that is derived from the organic nutrients.
Pyruvate comes from glycolysis reaction and splits into two acetyl coenzyme-A molecules when enters into the cycle. The final product of this cycle is oxaloacetate (OAA), where NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is produced.
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Which of the following statements is true about the citric acid cycle
a. The Citric Acid Cycle is an 8-step cycle that produces the most electron carrier molecules throughout the process of cellular respiration.
b. In Citric Acid Cycle, both the acetyl group and coenzyme A of Acetyl CoA are combined to oxaloacetate.
c. In Citric Acid Cycle, glucose is only partially broken down and there are still remnants of glucose after this process.
d. The ATP produced during this process is via oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT?
a.
All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the cytosol.
b.
The energy released in the TCA cycle is mainly stored in the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH2.
c.
The TCA cycle can recover much more energy than homolactic fermentation.
d.
Under aerobic conditions the TCA cycle is used to oxidize pyruvate.
e.
The TCA cycle is also called the citric acid cycle after the product of the first reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Krebs Cycle?
a.
Krebs cycle is composed of 8-step enzymatic reactions.
b.
For every CO2 released in the cycle, NADH is produced.
c.
Succinyl-CoA allows the phosphorylation of GDP (Guanosine Diphosphate)
d.
The carbon atoms from the glucose that enters the cycle are released from the mitochondrion immediately.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- If the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide is inhibited: a. the production of ATP would decreases but the production of electron carriers would be unaffected b. the concentration of pyruvate would decrease c. the citric acid cycle will not be affected d. ATP production in the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation will increase e. the concentration of acetyl Co A would decreasearrow_forwardThe metabolic function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to: a. generate NADPH and pentoses for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleic acids. b. provide intermediates for the citric acid cycle c. participate in oxidation-reduction reactions during the formation of H,O d. act as a source of ADP for biosynthesisarrow_forwardWhich of the following citric acid cycle intermediates is decarboxylated during the operation of the cycle? A. More than one correct response B. No correct response C. Isocitrate D. Succinate E. Oxaloacetatearrow_forward
- Given that malonate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase which of the following statements is TRUE? a. FADH2 results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. b. All electron transport is inhibited. c. Transfer of electrons from NADH to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. d. Transfer of electrons from FADH2 to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. e. NADH results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. Clear my choicearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning the location of the metabolic pathways is correct? a. All reactions of the glycolysis take place in the mitochondria. b. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the mitochondria. c. Some reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the cytosol, and some in mitochondria. d. Some reactions of the glycolysis take place in the cytosol, and some in mitochondria.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forward
- Compare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain, or aerobic respiration. A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation. B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation. C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation. D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation.arrow_forwardThe α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of α-ketoglutarate and in this reaction two electrons are stored in the form of: a. GTP b. cAMP c. NADH d. ATP e. FADH2arrow_forwardIn what way are the transition step (oxidation of pyruvate) and step 4 of the citric acid cycle (oxidation of α-ketoglutarate) the same? A. Both are reversibly activated by product accumulation. B. Both produces reducing power as well as one fully oxidized carbon in the form of CO2. C. Both are catalyzed by NAD+/NADP+ dehydrogenases. D. Both occur in the mitochondrial membranes of a eukaryotic cell. E. Both are characterized by the formation of an activated acetate and a reducing power.arrow_forward
- Regarding the regulation of the citric acid cycle (TCA), what are the true alternatives: a.the TCA undergoes hormonal and allosteric regulation b. unavailability of substrates can reduce carbon flux in TCA c. excess NADH accelerates the rate of TCA reactions d.the TCA regulation points are found in 3 irreversible reactions of the cycle e.high intracellular ATP/ADP ratios inhibit TCAarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the third step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH b. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH e. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 f. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH i. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malatearrow_forwardA. What is substrate level phosphorylation. B. Although oxygen does not participate directly in the citric acid cycle , the cycle only operates when oxygen is present. Why is this so so ? C.describe how hibernating animals and new born babies are able to keep warm without shivering. D. What is the metabolic purpose of hexose monophospate shunt pathway E.hg does G6PD deficient individuals have increase in resistance to malaria?arrow_forward
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