Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Respiration is the process in which intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide occurs. The release of carbon dioxide occurs as a result of
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Which of the following statements about aerobic respiration is true?
a.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the citric acid cycle.
b.
Coenzyme-A is a substrate in the reaction that generates a key reactant for the citric acid cycle.
c.
Redox reactions occur in the electron transport chain (ETC), but not during the citric acid cycle and not during glycolysis.
d.
The citric acid cycle is the main ATP producer in aerobic respiration.
ATP production during the Electron Transport Chain is driven by which of the
following?
A. Movement of H+ ions across mitochondrial membranes via ATP synthase
B. Movement of electrons down a gradient of charge
C. Oxygen accepting H+ ions
D. NADH and FADH2 donating phosphate to ADP
E. Release of CO2
Steps in oxidative phosphorylation involves all of the following except
11.
a. The phosphorylation energy is supplied by ATP metabolism
b. Electron transfer chain moves electron from NADH and FADH2 to O2
c. Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP catalyzed by ATP synthase
d. Electron do not flow to oxygen unless ATP is needed
12. List factors that can activate glucokinase for glucose metabolism in the liver
13.
What are the functions of macromolecules with examples?
Write the general balanced equation that shows the catabolism of glucose
(GLYCOSLYSIS) to ATPS, carbon dioxide, and water. Include in the equation the
formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate and oxygen utilization.
14.
15.
What is post-translational processing of proteins and list 3 things that can happen
to the proteins synthesized at this stage:
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- If the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide is inhibited: a. the production of ATP would decreases but the production of electron carriers would be unaffected b. the concentration of pyruvate would decrease c. the citric acid cycle will not be affected d. ATP production in the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation will increase e. the concentration of acetyl Co A would decreasearrow_forwardDuring oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron transport is used to: a. Generate the substrates (ADP and Pi) for the ATP synthase. b. Create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. Oxidize NADH to NAD+. d. Induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT? a. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the cytosol. b. The energy released in the TCA cycle is mainly stored in the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH2. c. The TCA cycle can recover much more energy than homolactic fermentation. d. Under aerobic conditions the TCA cycle is used to oxidize pyruvate. e. The TCA cycle is also called the citric acid cycle after the product of the first reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true about the citric acid cycle a. The Citric Acid Cycle is an 8-step cycle that produces the most electron carrier molecules throughout the process of cellular respiration. b. In Citric Acid Cycle, both the acetyl group and coenzyme A of Acetyl CoA are combined to oxaloacetate. c. In Citric Acid Cycle, glucose is only partially broken down and there are still remnants of glucose after this process. d. The ATP produced during this process is via oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardPut the following pathways in the order they occurduring aerobic respiration.a. electron transfer phosphorylationb. acetyl–CoA formationc. citric acid cycled. glycolysisarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis in mitochondria is FALSE? a. interruption of the flow of electrons from NADH to oxygen would decrease ATP synthesis b. making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+ would decrease ATP synthesis c. the energy liberated by the electron-transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into the IM-space d. the movement of H+ through a special channel enzyme (synthase) results in ATP synthesis e. when protons move from the matrix to the IM-space, ATP is made from ADP + Piarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the third step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH b. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH e. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 f. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH i. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malatearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT? O a. The TCA cycle can recover much more energy than homolactic fermentation. b. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the mitochondria. C. The energy released in the TCA cycle is mainly stored in the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH₂. O d. Under anaerobic conditions the TCA cycle is used to oxidize pyruvate. Oe. The TCA cycle is also called the citric acid cycle after the product of the first reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase.arrow_forward
- Identify a metabolic pathway associated with the enzymes localized on the mitochondrial cristae. a. the citric acid cycle b. the electron transport chain c. the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain d. none of thesearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis is NOT true? a. The open conformation of the ATP synthase is for releasing ATP. b. The gamma subunit in the stalk responds to the flow of H+ and rotates the assembly counterclockwise and thus change the conformations of the active site to synthesize ATP. c. The tight conformation of the ATP synthase is for converting ADP and phosphate to ATP. d. The loose conformation of the ATP synthase is for binding ADP and phosphate. e. Ten protons are required to catalyze the rotation of the subunits so that one ATP is synthesized. Clear my choicearrow_forwardPhosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity? a. It is inhibited by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. b. It catalyzes a reaction which increases the rate of the overall pathway. c. It catalyzes an early step of glycolysis which has the lowest level of activation energy among the overall pathway. d. It is activated by ATP. e. It is inhibited by AMP.arrow_forward
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