Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 11TYK
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Consider a hypothetical metabolic pathway involving four enzymes to convert molecule A into molecule E:
Enz 1
Enz 2
C
Enz 3
A
O2) B
Which molecule is most likely to be a feedback inhibitor that, when present in high concentrations, will reduce the flow of material
through the pathway?
1) A
3) C
4) D
B
OS) E
D
6) none of these
Enz4
E
The figure above represents changes in different types of metabolic pathways (y-axis) as energy charge in a cell (x-axis) changes. What is the best description of the types of reactions shown by the green line labeled "A"?
a) Catabolic, energy-consuming pathways
b) Anabolic, energy-consuming pathways
c) Anabolic, energy-producing pathways
d) Catabolic, energy-producing pathways
Metabolism is essential to life and is the process by which cells make energy to carry out all of the processes required for them to survive. Metabolism requires that the organism transport substances from the environment into the cell to utilize in their metabolic pathways. Bacteria have a diverse array of potential metabolic processes to make energy. Given the information below (A. and B.), describe how the organisms would make ATP in the environment they are found. Make sure to discuss in detail each of the pathways, including the starting products, end products, components of the ETC (if applicable), how the cell makes ATP during this process, where in the cell each of these pathways occur and the transport mechanism(s) utilized to move the starting products from the environment into the cell.
An anaerobic organism that is only able to ferment lactose.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- The production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient powers the production of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an organic compound that 'undoes' the hydrogen ion concentration gradient without the production of ATP. It does this by increasing the membrane permeability to hydrogen ions. One use of DNP is as a herbicide.For a brief period in the 1930s, DNP was marketed as a diet pill. Because DNP prevents the production of ATP, the human body will begin to use alternate forms of energy. The result is an increase in the metabolism of fats in the body, thus reducing total body fat. In the presence of DNP, the energy that normally would be converted to ATP for use in the cells is converted to heat instead, causing dangerously high body temperatures.DNP is classified as an illegal substance in Canada and the U.S. although it is still marketed as a commercial chemical. In recent years, several deaths have been reported, primarily in the…arrow_forwardc) The pH values of the different compartments are shown below: Matrix Intermembrane space Cytosol pH 7.8 – 8.0 pH ~ 7.0pH 7.0 – 7.4 How can you explain these values in terms of what is known about mitochondrial function?arrow_forwardConcerning human biology, the major role of a cell's mitochondria is to provide the cells with usable energy in the form of ATP. In regard to the cellular respiration equation: Food + x(consumes) -----> y(produces + energy (ATP). As for "x" (what the cell consumes), I believe the answer is oxygen. As for "y" (what the cell produces), I'm guessing the answer is carbon dioxide. Could you please verify this, and better explain it to me?arrow_forward
- Select all that applyarrow_forwardIt has been estimated that mitochondria occupy 20% of the volume in the human body. For a 70- kg adult, the average number of mitochondria has been estimated to be 1 × 10 (10,000 trillion). Using this information, provide a rough estimate of the average mass of a mitochondrion.arrow_forwardLook at the cellular respiration reaction. What reactants and/or catalysts (enzymes) does the yeast supply? What does the juice supply? What is the product of respiration that we need? In other words, why do organisms need cellular respiration? Propose an alternative experiment to test rates of cellular respiration besides measuring acid production (hint: look at the reaction equation). Do some reading and discuss some applications of fermentation in biotechnology, food production, or medicine.arrow_forward
- The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large proportion of multiple unsaturations. As a result, will the membrane be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Also will it be more fluid or more rigid? How do these characteristics help explain the observation that the inner membrane is impermeable to ions such as Mg2+ and Cl–? Hint: what moves these ions through the membrane?arrow_forwardich of the following answers are true about adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Note, there may be MORE THAN ONE correct answer, please choose all that are correct. ATP supplies the energy for most cellular processes ATP can be broken down into ADP + Pi ATP breakdown can be coupled to a reaction that requires energy ATP breakdown is an endergonic (energy-requiring) reaction ATP is a very stable and low-energy moleculearrow_forwardConsider the reaction: Galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-glucose → UDP-galactose + glucose 1-phosphate Which pairing correctly matches the enzyme class and Enzyme Commission number for the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction? translocase; 2 translocase; 7 transferase; 2 transferase; 7 isomerase; 5arrow_forward
- Give one example of a disease related to heart and briefly explain the molecular basis of the disease. apply the concepts about the inter-relatedness of metabolic pathways.arrow_forwardPhotosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationarrow_forwardStearic acid is an 18-carbon fatty acid. If a single molecular of stearic acid is within the cytosol of the cells: Describe the process by which stearic acid would be metabolised, beginning the molecule in the cytosol of the cell, ending with the creation of ATP, and assuming the cell has sufficient oxygen for all reactions to take place Showing all working, calculate how many ATP molecules could be generated from a single molecule of stearic acid in the cytosol of the cellarrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY