The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified. Concept introduction: Carbocation intermediate : It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects. Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized. The order of the stability of carbocation,

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

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Where are the chiral centers in this molecule? Also is this compound meso yes or no?

A mixture of C7H12O2, C9H9OCl, biphenyl and acetone was put together in a gas chromatography tube. Please decide from the GC resutls which correspond to the peak for C7,C9 and biphenyl and explain the reasoning based on GC results. Eliminate unnecessary peaks from Gas Chromatography results.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The carbocation intermediate and the type of carbocation present in the given substrates should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbocation intermediate: It is a fragment from the molecule in which the carbon atom bears a positive charge on it. The stability of the carbocation present in a molecule depends on the neighboring atom present in the molecule with respect to its resonance effects.

Resonance: The delocalization of pi electrons or lone pair of electrons present in p orbital within a molecule. The molecule is said to be more stable if it is resonance stabilized.

The order of the stability of carbocation,

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5ATS Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7PTS Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8ATS

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