Chapter 7, Problem 48PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given reaction should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Optically active: Optical active molecule rotates the plane polarized light.

Racemization: it is the process in which the pure enantiomers are converted into a mixture of D and L forms of isomers.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

D form: They are enantiomers which rotates plane polarized to clockwise direction.

L form: They are enantiomers which rotates plane polarized to anti-clockwise direction.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Leaving group: it is the fragment that leaves the substrate in a chemical reaction with a pair of electrons.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.