Chapter 7, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the failure of $1-\text{bromobicyclo}\left[2,2,1\right]\text{heptane}$ to undergo elimination is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Dehydration of alcohols includes the first step as the protonation of alcohol and formation of carbocation.

The order of stability of carbocation is such that the tertiary carbocation is most stable, whereas the primary carbocation is least stable and secondary carbocation lies between primary and secondary carbocation.

For naming bicyclo-compounds:

Compounds containing two fixed or bridged rings are known as bicycloalkanes.

Then number of carbon atoms in each bridge is written in square brackets in decreasing order.

For numbering substituent groups, start numbering from the longest chain, then the moderate chain, and at last, the shortest chain.