Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 27E
Explain why the planet Venus is differentiated, but asteroid Fraknoi, a very boring and small member of the asteroid belt, is not.
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The diameter of an asteroid is 954 km and its mass is 9.4 x 1020 kg. What is the density in g/cm3?
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O rock (2.5-5 g/cm3)
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Re-order the numbers so the events occur in the correct order, with the oldest event as number 2, and
the youngest event as number 13.
2. Now at roughly 100% of present-day mass and the asteroid bombardment over, Earth begins
cooling and differentiating. As the outer layer of the Earth cools and solidifies, lighter elements
and compounds rise to the surface while the denser ones sink to the core
3. The now differentiated ice, gas, and dust of the solar accretion disc conglomerates together into
asteroids from gravity
4. "The Big Whack"
A Mars-sized protoplanet we call Theia collides with primitive Earth, adding even more energy
and mass
5. The Big Bang
6. As the early atmosphere cools, water vapor is eventually cool enough to condense into liquid
water, eventually covering the planet in an ocean
7. The debris from the collision of Earth and Theia produce a ring in orbit. This ring eventually
coalesces into the Moon, just as Earth coalesced from the solar accretion disc
8. A nebula…
The Solar Nebula model introduces the concept of ‘frost line’. Where are asteroids and comets found with respect to this frost line?
How is their location connected to their composition?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 7 - Venus rotates backward and Uranus and Pluto spin...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between a differentiated...Ch. 7 - What does a planet need in order to retain an...Ch. 7 - Which type of planets have the most moons? Where...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between a meteor and a...Ch. 7 - Explain our ideas about why the terrestrial...Ch. 7 - Do all planetary systems look the same as our own?Ch. 7 - What is comparative planetology and why is it...Ch. 7 - What changed in our understanding of the Moon and...Ch. 7 - If Earth was to be hit by an extraterrestrial...
Ch. 7 - List some reasons that the study of the planets...Ch. 7 - Imagine you are a travel agent in the next...Ch. 7 - What characteristics do the worlds in our solar...Ch. 7 - How do terrestrial and giant planets differ? List...Ch. 7 - Why are there so many craters on the Moon and so...Ch. 7 - How do asteroids and comets differ?Ch. 7 - How and why is Earth’s Moon different from the...Ch. 7 - Where would you look for some “original”...Ch. 7 - Describe how we use radioactive elements and their...Ch. 7 - What was the solar nebula like? Why did the Sun...Ch. 7 - What can we learn about the formation of our solar...Ch. 7 - Earlier in this chapter, we modeled the solar...Ch. 7 - Seasons are a result of the inclination of a...Ch. 7 - Again using Appendix F, which planet(s) might you...Ch. 7 - Again using Appendix F, which planets might you...Ch. 7 - Using some of the astronomical resources in your...Ch. 7 - Explain why the planet Venus is differentiated,...Ch. 7 - Would you expect as many impact craters per unit...Ch. 7 - Using Appendix G, complete the following table...Ch. 7 - Calculate the density of Jupiter. Show your work....Ch. 7 - Calculate the density of Saturn. Show your work....Ch. 7 - What is the density of Jupiter’s moon Europa (see...Ch. 7 - Look at Appendix F and Appendix G and indicate the...Ch. 7 - Barnard’s Star, the second closest star to us, is...Ch. 7 - A radioactive nucleus has a half-life of 5108...
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- Present theory suggests that giant planets cannot form without condensation of water ice, which becomes vapor at the high temperatures close to a star. So how can we explain the presence of jovian-sized exoplanets closer to their star than Mercury is to our Sun?arrow_forwardWhy do astronomers conclude that asteroids were never part of a full-sized planet?arrow_forwardThe mass of the asteroids is found mostly in the larger asteroids, so to estimate the total mass we need to consider only the larger objects. Suppose the three largest asteroids-Ceres (1000 km in diameter), Pallas (500 km in diameter), and Vesta (500 km in diameter)-account for half the total mass. Assume that each of these three asteroids has a density of 3 g/cm3 and calculate their total mass. Multiply your result by 2 to obtain an estimate for the mass of the total asteroid belt. How does this compare with the mass of the Oort cloud?arrow_forward
- Give at least two reasons today’s astronomers are so interested in the discovery of additional Earthapproaching asteroids.arrow_forwardA fragment from the surface of a differentiated asteroid will yield which kind of meteorite?arrow_forwardHow would the solar system be different if the solar nebula had cooled, with a temperature half its actual value? [select all that apply] options: There would be more comets. Life would have been very unlikely to evolve here. There would be no comets. There would be fewer asteroids. There would be more asteroids. Jovian planets would have formed closer to Sun. Terrestrial planets would be largearrow_forward
- The iron meteorite that created Barringer Crater (Arizona) was 50 m in diameter. It caused a crater 1.2 km (1200 m) in diameter, that is, 24 times bigger than the impactor. Keeping in mind that the size of the crater depends on many factors, such as the type of rocks present in the area, estimate the approximate size of the impactor that produced Mare Serenitatis.arrow_forwardAbout how many exoplanets have been detected? Group of answer choices 2 dozen a few hundred a few thousand a few million more than a billionarrow_forwardThe asteroid Vesta has a mass of 2.59 x 1020 kg and an average radius of about 263 km (2.63 x 102 km). What is its escape velocity (in m/s)? (Hints: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. = 2GM -; remember to convert units to m, kg, and s.) m/s Could you jump off the asteroid? O Yes O Noarrow_forward
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