UNION set operator: The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values. Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY; Consider two tables: Table creation: CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY); CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE)); Inserting values: INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123); INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124); INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125); INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126); INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125); INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124); INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124); INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Question

[5 marks] Give a recursive definition for the language anb2n where n = 1, 2, 3, ... over the alphabet Ó={a, b}. 2) [12 marks] Consider the following languages over the alphabet ={a ,b}, (i) The language of all words that begin and end an a (ii) The language where every a in a word is immediately followed by at least one b. (a) Express each as a Regular Expression (b) Draw an FA for each language (c) For Language (i), draw a TG using at most 3 states (d) For Language (ii), construct a CFG.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

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[5 marks] Give a recursive definition for the language anb2n where n = 1, 2, 3, ... over the alphabet Ó={a, b}. 2) [12 marks] Consider the following languages over the alphabet ={a ,b}, (i) The language of all words that begin and end an a (ii) The language where every a in a word is immediately followed by at least one b. (a) Express each as a Regular Expression (b) Draw an FA for each language (c) For Language (i), draw a TG using at most 3 states (d) For Language (ii), construct a CFG.

Question 1 Generate a random sample of standard lognormal data (rlnorm()) for sample size n = 100. Construct histogram estimates of density for this sample using Sturges’ Rule, Scott’s Normal Reference Rule, and the FD Rule. Question 2 Construct a frequency polygon density estimate for the sample in Question 1, using bin width determined by Sturges’ Rule.

Generate a random sample of standard lognormal data (rlnorm()) for sample size n = 100. Construct histogram estimates of density for this sample using Sturges’ Rule, Scott’s Normal Reference Rule, and the FD Rule.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 23RQ

(a)

Program Plan Intro

UNION set operator:

The UNION set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains unique values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 8

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 9

(b)

Program Plan Intro

UNION ALL set operator:

The UNION ALL set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains duplicate values.

Syntax: QUERY UNION ALL QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 10

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 11

(c)

Program Plan Intro

INTERSECT set operator:

The INTERSECT set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that are common in both the tables.

Syntax: QUERY INTERSECT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 12

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 13

(d)

Program Plan Intro

EXCEPT/ MINUS set operator:

The MINUS set operator is used to combine the output of two or more than two queries and produce a result. The produced result contains the values (rows) that appear in the first table but not in the second table. The word “EXCEPT” can also be used in the place of “MINUS”.

Syntax: QUERY EXCEPT QUERY;

Consider two tables:

Table creation:

CREATE TABLE VENDOR(VEND_CODE INT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PROD_CODE VARCHAR(5), VEND_CODE INT,FOREIGN KEY (VEND_CODE) REFERENCES VENDOR (VEND_CODE));

Inserting values:

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(123);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(124);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(125);

INSERT INTO VENDOR VALUES(126);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('ABC', 125);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('DEF', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('GHI', 124);

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES('JKL', 123);

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 25

Ch. 7 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 7 - Explain why the following command would create an...Ch. 7 - What is a cross join? Give an example of its...Ch. 7 - What three join types are included in the outer...Ch. 7 - Using tables named T1 and T2, write a query...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 7 - Rewrite the following WHERE clause without the use...Ch. 7 - Explain the difference between an ORDER BY clause...Ch. 7 - Explain why the following two commands produce...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between the COUNT aggregate...

Solution Summary: The author describes the UNION set operator, which is used to combine the output of two or more queries and produce a result.

Chapter 7 Solutions