Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 1SYK
Create a concept map to illustrate your understanding of osmosis. This exercise will help you to practice using the words hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic, and to focus on the effect of these osmotic environments on plant and animal cells. Explain your map to a friend.
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Suppose you are examining osmosis by studying a carrot soaking in water. First, you conclude that the cell walls of the carrot are semipermeable, allowing water molecules but not solutes to passively move into and out of the cell. Next, you measure the solute concentrations of the carrot cells and the surrounding water. You determine the carrot cells contain a higher solute concentration than the water in which the carrot is soaking. Which statement accurately describes this scenario?
Group of answer choices
The cells of the carrot are hyperosmotic compared to the surrounding water, so water will be drawn out of the cells through osmosis
The cells of the carrot are hypoosmotic compared to the surrounding water, so water will be drawn out of the cells through osmosis
The cells of the carrot are hypoosmotic compared to the surrounding water, so water will be drawn into the cells through osmosis
The cells of the carrot are hyperosmotic compared to the surrounding water, so water…
1) We measured weights before and after soaking a potato
in water of different salinities to demonstrate
osmosis. There are many other types of membrane
transport (as we learned from the Amoeba Sisters!), each
with their role in maintaining homeostasis and providing
energy, communication, and waste removal for the cell. So
why dwell on osmosis? There are some practical bigger-
picture things to consider.
Choose one of the following scenarios. Describe the
scenario. Describe the chain of events terms of tonicity_and
movement of water into or out of cells represented by the
scenario. Describe the predicted outcomes for the
cells/organisms involved.
What happens when you dry brine a turkey
before cooking?
●
• What happens to organisms in soil near salted
roads when snow melt and rains occur?
Why is sugar considered a good preservative?
What is the challenge of heavy rains along the
Mississippi River for organisms in the Gulf of
Mexico?
●
• What happens to fruit when you add sugar?
●
Rebuild the cell above that is hypertonic to the solution outside. By hitting the red button, add 20 solutes (green) to the inside of the cell and add 5 water (blue) to the inside of the cell. Also, add 20 water (blue) to the outside of the cell and 5 solutes (green) to the outside of the cell. Add blue gated channels to the membrane.
Q: What happens to the water molecules in this situation?
Q: Which of the above situations is closer to a living membrane system?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 7 - Label the components in the following diagram of a...Ch. 7 - a. Cite some experimental evidence that indicates...Ch. 7 - List the six major functions that membrane...Ch. 7 - What types of molecules have difficulty crossing...Ch. 7 - A solution of 1 M glucose is separated by a...Ch. 7 - a. What osmotic problems does the freshwater...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7IQCh. 7 - Prob. 8IQCh. 7 - a. How is cholesterol transported into human...Ch. 7 - Create a concept map to illustrate your...
Ch. 7 - The following diagram illustrates passive and...Ch. 7 - If a single layer of phospholipids coats the water...Ch. 7 - Glycoproteins and glycolipids are important for a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Use the following U-tube setup to answer questions...Ch. 7 - Use the following U-tube setup to answer questions...Ch. 7 - Use the following U-tube setup to answer questions...Ch. 7 - How much work is expended in diffusion? a. an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 7 - Water passes quickly through cell membranes...Ch. 7 - Facilitated diffusion of ions across a cellular...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following describes cotransport? a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 7 - An animal cell moves potassium against its...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 7 - In response to low blood pressure, the adrenal...
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- In osmosis, water moves from an area of low solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (low water concentration). So, it's the movement of water that helps balance the concentration of solutes on both sides of a semipermeable membrane. My question is when water move from high concentration to low concentration ,it's the movement of water making it balance. So why does it says in definition low solutue concentration going to that high solutue concentration, isn't it make the solute like ion and other molecules going to the higher side and not making it balance. High concentration of water to low concentration water movement is make sense to me But low solute cocentration to high solute concentration part does not make sense at all Please explain how does low concerned ntration solute going to high concentration of solute making balance?arrow_forwardThis is a homework question Define osmosis and describe how the first experiment, "Osmosis in Potatoes," demonstrates this molecular transport mechanism.arrow_forwardWhat is the role of lysozyme and a low ionic strength extraction buffer? Select all that apply. Cells absorb water from a low ionic strength extraction buffer, by osmosis, swell and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the cellulose cell wall of plants, weakening the structure Cells release water into a low ionic strength extraction buffer by osmosis, shrink and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme is an enzyme found in lysosomes in cells Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria, weakening the structure Lysozyme is an antibiotic found in tears, saliva, human milk and mucus.arrow_forward
- Define osmosis and solve simple problems involving osmosis; for example, predict whether cells will swell or shrink under various osmotic conditions.arrow_forwardOsmosis Practice Activity Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell. 1. a. Water will flow the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). (into 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% NaCI 5% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). a. Water will flow (into the cell. 2. 5% NaCl out of the cell, in both directions). 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same).arrow_forwardWhat among the following describes osmosis 1. The diffusion of water from an area low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. 2. Osmotic pressure is the force that allows water to move by osmosis through a selectively permeable membrane 3. When a cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution, water enters the cell by osmosis which causes it to swell and eventually burst. 4. A solution with greater concentration of water and low concentratioj of solute isbtermed as hyposmoticarrow_forward
- In your words explain passive transport by osmosis using isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic in both animal and plant cell.arrow_forwardMark the flow of water with an arrow for cells that have been placed in solutions of differing tonicity. Indicate what will happen to a plant and animal cell under each of these conditions. Direction of osmosis Plant cell Animal cell shape shape minor swelling The solute concentration outside the cell is isotonic (or equal) to the inside of the cell. No change swelling and lysis plasmolysis crenation Reset Zoom (a) Outside isotonic The solute concentration outside the cell is hypertonic to the inside of the cell. (b) Outside hypertonic The solute concentration outside the cell is hypotonic to the inside of the cell. (c) Outside hypotonic Oo Solute Cytosol ©2018 McGraw-Hill Education. Check marrow_forwardDiffusion and osmosis classification Classify the following characteristics based on whether they are describing diffusion, osmosis, or both. Diffusion Results in an Can occur with equal distribution of solute molecules or without a membrane Always involves the movement of water Requires a semi-permeable membrane Osmosis Involves the movement of gases, ions, and small water soluble molecules Passive form of movement that requires no energy Moves from areas of high concentration to low Both Diffusion and Osmosis Responsible for gas exchange in the lungs concentration A 3 of 15 Next > Cation to open the document "Epicinstaller-13.0.0-fortnite-a8e4f12cada646caa706d8be407be69f (3).msi". tv 22arrow_forward
- Liver cells are in contact with the blood and exchange a variety of substances with the blood plasma (the noncellular part of blood). The concentration of water is equal in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the blood plasma. Explain this observation in terms of membrane permeability and transport mechanisms. Animal cells typically maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell via the Na+-K+ pump. The drug ouabain inhibits the activity of the Na+-K+ pump. A nerve cell is incubated in ouabain. Predict what will happen to the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside the nerve cell as a result.arrow_forwardDescribe ONE modification that could happen to the phospholipids in a membrane that would increase the permeability of the membrane to small non-polar molecules such as oxygen gas. Explain why this modification would increase membrane permeability.arrow_forwardWhat does hypertonic mean? * Your answer You are trying to see if a channel transports a specific ion across a cell membrane. How would you test this? Your answer Why aren't ion channels open all the time? * Your answer If a protein uses active transport to drive one molecule into a cell and one molecule out of the cell it is called Symporter Antiporter Uniporterarrow_forward
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