Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason that the cyanide poisoning starts with the same symptoms as altitude sickness.
Concept introduction:
At a higher altitude, oxygen concentration decreases in the air. It creates shortness of breath due to the low oxygen concentration. Cyanide binds to cytochrome c oxidase that prevents the reduction of the oxygen molecule as it stops the transfer of electrons in the final steps of electron transfer chain.
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Students have asked these similar questions
b) Place a 'Yes' or a 'No' in the appropriate boxes that correspond to
each listed feature of cellular respiration. You may need to state
'Yes' or 'No' in more than one box in a particular row in some
cases.
Cellular
Respiration
Feature
Involved in
aerobic
respiration
Occurs in the
mitochondrial
matrix
Pyruvate
molecules are
produced
Acetyl COA
combines with a
4 carbon
molecule
Electrons are
passed between
protein carriers
ATP is produced
NAD+ gains
hydrogen
FADH₂ loses
hydrogen
Glycolysis
Yes / No
Krebs Cycle
Yes / No
Electron
Transport chain
Yes / No
Aerobic respiration in eukaryotes produces less ATP per glucose molecule than aerobic
respiration in prokaryotes. This is because:
the electrons from cytoplasmic NADH in eukaryotes are shuttled to ubiquinone instead of
NADH dehydrogenase.
prokaryotes can produce a larger proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial
membrane, thus causing a greater driving force for ATP synthesis.
fermentation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle can run simultaneously in prokaryotes,
generating two additional ATP per glucose molecule.
eukaryotes must actively transport glucose into the mitochondria where respiration
А.
B.
C.
D.
occurs.
prokaryotes can generate 2.5 ATP per FADH2 molecule, whereas eukaryotes can only
generate 1.5 per FADH2
Е.
E.
ak1: Why must the transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration takes place in a series of steps?
It is chemically impossible to transfer electrons directly from glucose to oxygen
The energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP
The energy of the protons can be used to make ATP
The energy of the electrons can be used to make ADP
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1DAACh. 7 - Prob. 2DAACh. 7 - Prob. 3DAACh. 7 - Is the following statement true or false? Unlike...Ch. 7 - Glycolysis starts and ends in the ___. a. nucleus...Ch. 7 - Which of the following pathways requires molecular...Ch. 7 - Which molecule does not form during glycolysis? a....Ch. 7 - In eukaryotes, the final reactions of aerobic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6SQCh. 7 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 7 - Most of the energy that aerobic respiration...Ch. 7 - Put the following pathways in the order they occur...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is not produced by an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11SQCh. 7 - Prob. 12SQCh. 7 - Which of the following molecules can be oxidized...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14SQCh. 7 - Match the term with the best description. _____...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1CTCh. 7 - Prob. 2CT
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- Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardCyanide poisoning inhibits aerobic respiration at cytochrome c oxidase. Which of the following is NOT a result of cyanide poisoning at the cellular level? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d e Oxygen is reduced to water The rate of glycolysis increases Cells are forced to switch to anaerobic respiration The electron transport chain is not completed None of the above Answered K Open in Reading View ✔Posubmitarrow_forwardAn enzyme that is not attached to any mitochondrial membrane 1-pyruvate decarboxylase 2-succinic dehydrogenase 3-cytochrome complex 4-f0 f1 complexarrow_forward
- ATP NAD+ FADH2 Coenzyme A ATP synthase oxidizing agent in metabolism enzyme "motor" located on the inner membrane of mitochondrial works with CoQ10 in oxidative phosphorylation shuttles electrons in the e- transport chain provides energy to drive an endergonic reaction forward shuttles two-carbon units (acetyl groups) reducing agent in metabolism turns pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditionsarrow_forward. Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2Oarrow_forwardCytochrome c oxidase is the Multiple Choice in the electron transport chain. enzyme that reduces other cytochromes enzyme that reduces ATP synthase enzyme that oxidizes oxygen O enzyme that reduces oxygenarrow_forward
- Anaerobic respiration in humans occurs primarily in muscle cells during high- intensity exercise. During a 200m sprint, the heart is unable to increase peripheral blood flow at a rate to provide additional oxygen to muscles. In a human muscle cell, which one of the following statements is true? Primary source of fuel is pyruvate, and the carbon in pyruvate ends up in ethanol O Primary source of fuel is pyruvate, and the carbon in pyruvate ends up in lactic acid Primary source of fuel is glucose, and the carbon in glucose ends up in lactic acid Primary source of fuel is glucose, and the carbon in glucqşe ends up in acetyl COAarrow_forwardDuring aerobic respiration in the mitochondria of eukaryotes, which product molecules contain the oxygen atoms that started out in substrate diatomic oxygen gas molecules? carbon dioxide only C6H12O6 only glucose only CO2 only H2O onlyarrow_forwardAn organism lives solely on Acetate. It has a normal Kreb’s Cycle. Its Electron Transport Chain accepts H from NADH at the first of 3 H pumps and H from FADH at the third of the 3 hydrogen pumps. Therefore, how many ATP does it produce per acetate molecule?arrow_forward
- When muscles contract, a chain of events result in greater activity by the TCA cycle. All of the following are links in that chain EXCEPT: The ADP concentration increases. Rate of respiration and oxygen consumption increases. The electron transport chain produces more water. The concentration of NADH decreases and the concentration of NAD+ increases. 2) (True or False )______The concentration of oxaloacetate drops and TCA cycle is halted which leads to the synthesis of ketone bodies. 3) NADPH is used for: a) Oxidizing vitamin E b) Oxidizing glutathione c) Reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids d) β-oxidation of fatty acidsarrow_forwardDuring aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, which product molecules receive the oxygen atoms that started out in substrate glucose molecules? H2O only H2O and C6H12O6 only CO2 only C6H12O6 and O2 only O2 onlyarrow_forwardShow a diagram of electron transport chain in cellular respiration and highlight that phase in the diagram where oxygen plays an important role. Briefly describe that role of oxygen in respiration.arrow_forward
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